Radioisotope renography was performed in 21 patients with hypertension and unilateral renal artery stenosis with and without premedication with 25 mg of captopril, and the results were compared with the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on the blood pressure, assessed 6 weeks after angioplasty. Angioplasty caused a considerable decrease in blood pressure in 15 of the 21 patients. In 12 of these 15 patients, captopril induced changes in the time-activity curves of the affected kidney only, suggesting deterioration of the excretory function of that kidney, while the function of the contralateral kidney remained normal. After angioplasty the asymmetry in the time-activity curves diminished despite identical pretreatment with captopril. Such captopril-induced unilateral impairment of the renal function was not seen in the six patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis whose blood pressure did not change after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or in 13 patients with hypertension and normal renal arteries. The functional impairment of the affected kidneys was characterized by a decrease of 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid uptake and a delay of 131I-hippurate excretion, while the 131I-hippurate uptake remained unaffected. These data are in agreement with a reduced glomerular filtration rate and diuresis during preservation of the renal blood flow, changes that can be expected after converting enzyme inhibition in a kidney with low perfusion and an active, renin-mediated autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate. These data suggest that functional captopril-induced unilateral changes, shown by split renal function studies with noninvasive gamma camera scintigraphy, can be used as a diagnostic test for renovascular hypertension caused by unilateral renal artery stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Between April 1978 and April 1981, 70 patients with hypertension and renal artery stenosis were treated by percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation. Selection of the patients was based solely on arteriographic criteria. Arteriography after dilatation showed considerable widening of the stenosed area in all patients. In 65 patients the effect of treatment on the blood pressure was assessed during follow up periods of one to four years. In 14 of these patients the hypertension was cured, in 29 it was improved, and in 22 there was no change. Patients with fibromuscular lesions benefited distinctly more than did those with atheromatous stenosis, only one of the 21 patients with fibromuscular lesions showing no change as compared with 21 of the 44 patients with atheromatous lesions. The only serious complication encountered was microcholesterol emboli, which developed in two patients with severe atheromatous lesions of the aorta. In the atheromatous group age and overall renal function had no influence on the blood pressure response. In the subgroup of patients with a unilateral lesion the renal vein renin ratios and asymmetrical
Between April 1978 and April 1981, 70 patients with hypertension and renal artery stenosis were treated by percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation. Selection of the patients was based solely on arteriographic criteria. Arteriography after dilatation showed considerable widening of the stenosed area in all patients. In 65 patients the effect of treatment on the blood pressure was assessed during follow up periods of one to four years. In 14 of these patients the hypertension was cured, in 29 it was improved, and in 22 there was no change. Patients with fibromuscular lesions benefited distinctly more than did those with atheromatous stenosis, only one of the 21 patients with fibromuscular lesions showing no change as compared with 21 of the 44 patients with atheromatous lesions. The only serious complication encountered was microcholesterol emboli, which developed in two patients with severe atheromatous lesions of the aorta. In the atheromatous group age and overall renal function had no influence on the blood pressure response. In the subgroup of patients with a unilateral lesion the renal vein renin ratios and asymmetrical
1. In 13 patients with hypertension and renal artery stenosis the stenosis was dilated by an intra-arterial balloon catheter under local anaesthesia. 2. In all but one instance arteriography after the dilatation showed considerable widening of the stenosed area. 3. Six patients had a temporary increase of serum creatinine that lasted only a few days. 4. In seven patients, who had a prolonged transit time at renography, this marker of renal blood flow improved after the dilatation. 5. The effect of the dilatation on the blood pressure in this group of patients, selected on arteriographic criteria only, was variable, but comparable with results of renovascular surgery. 6. Dilatation of renal artery stenosis by an intra-arterial balloon catheter is a promising treatment for patients with hypertension and renal artery stenosis. It is a rapid procedure needing only local anaesthesia. Complications in our experience so far are minor.
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