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Summary: Additional information and some modifications of an earlier published method ((1972) Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem., 10, 502-508) for the assay of oestrogen receptor in human breast tumours are presented. The correlation between the results obtained with this method and with the electrophoresis procedure of Wagner ((1972) Hoppe Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem., 353', 1235-1245) was found to be good. The use of glycerol stabilized calf uterus extract for quality control is proposed. Various factors affecting the assay and the discrimination between receptor positive and receptor negative are critically discussed.

Summary: This paper, the first in a series devoted to the study of the clinical usefulness of estimations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum and urine, describes in detail a direct radioimmunoassay for CEA in serum and urine ( a modifiedEgan technique, Egan>M. L. et al. (1972), Immunochemistry, 9, 289-299). A comparative study of the behaviour of CEA batches and anti-CEA antisera from different laboratories in the radioimmunoassay is presented.The incidence of increased serum CEA levels in healthy smokers was found to be related to smoking habits. (Hansen, H. J. et al. (1971), Clin. Res. 79, 143-147) showed comparable results. Assays of CEA in serum obtained by the direct technique and the Hansen perchloric acid -zirconyl gel techniqueVarious problems affecting the assay of CEA in serum and urine are critically discussed, e.g. criteria for absorbingout of anti-CEA antisera, identification of CEA, factors causing false CEA values, use of reference materials, acceptability of a strict cut-off level to indicate increased CEA levels; and factors governing the choice of antisera. In this connection we present a new approach which maintains a reliable and consistent cut-off level in follow-up studies.Evidence is presented that urinary CEA is heterogeneous and perchloric acid-unstable. Entwicklung ernes Radioimmunassay für carcino-embryonales Antigen und seine Anwendung Klinische Bedeutung des carcino-embryonalen Antigens, L MitteilungZusammenfassung: Diese erste Arbeit einer Serie, die sich mit der klinischen Bedeutung der Bestimmung von "Carcino-embryonic antigen" (CEA) im Serum und im Urin befaßt, beschreibt eine direkte radioimmunologische Bestimmung für CEA im Serum und im Urin (modifiziert nzchEgan, M. L. et al. (1972), Immunochemistry, P, 289-299). Eine Vergleichsstudie bezüglich derCEA-Präparationen und Antisera gegen CEA aus verschiedenen Laboratorien wird beschrieben.Es wird gezeigt, daß erhöhte CEA-Werte bei gesunden Rauchern mit den Rauchgewohnheiten zusammenhängen.

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