Recovery after stroke is closely linked to cerebral plasticity. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive technique, which allows location of cerebral cells activities. In the present work, a cohort of patients has been studied with MEG. Twelve patients with a recent ischemic or hemorragic stroke were included as soon as possible after onset of stroke. Neurologic assessment, including standard neurologic examination, functional independence measure (FIM) and Orgogozo's scale was performed for 1 year in addition to a study of the somatosensory evoked field (SEF) using a 37-channel Biomagnetometer system. No response could be recorded in five patients at the first SEF exploration. In three cases, no response was ever recorded during the study. All these patients had a bad recovery. The location of the SEF sources was always in the normal non-infarcted cortex of the postcentral gyrus. Sensory recovery seemed to be linked to the reorganization of the persistent functional cortex, which was a limiting factor for recovery. These observations confirm the experimental results obtained in animal models. After stroke it can be assumed that in the case of incomplete lesion, an intensive sensory peripheral stimulation could maximize the use of residual sensory function and then contribute to improve the sensory deficit. In case of total sensory loss other techniques have to be used, such as visual monitoring of hand activity in order to improve hand function.