In the present work, the use of low-cost substrates to produce Trichoderma spores was evaluated. Rice, corn bran, and wheat bran were used as solid substrate to grow Trichoderma harzanium sp., Trichoderma viride sp., Trichoderma koningii sp., and Trichoderma polysporum sp. No external nutrient sources were added to the solid substrate that was only moisturized with deonized water, sterilized, inoculated, and cultivated at 30°C for 7 days. Wheat bran showed to be the most suitable substrate to produce Trichoderma spores for all strains that were evaluated. High spore counts were obtained for T. harzianum sp. (28.30×10 8 /gds) and T. viride sp. (24.10×10 8 spores/gds).

We studied the dispersal behavior and survival of sterile medßy males either treated or not with ginger root oil (GRO), in Þeld conditions, in Petrolina-PE, northeast Brazil, from May 2006 to December 2007 in a sterile insect technique (SIT) program. The tsl strain Vienna 8 from the Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae), medßy, mass-rearing facility located in Juazeiro-BA, Brazil, was used. The results showed that sterile males either exposed or not to GRO exhibit similar dispersal behavior and postrelease survival. More than 60% of the sterile males, either treated or not treared wth GRO, were recovered at a 25-m distance from the releasing point, Ϸ20% at 50 m, and 5% in traps situated 100 m from the releasing point. Around 90% of the sterile males, exposed or not to GRO, were recovered 5 d after release of the sterile male individuals, whereas Ͻ1% were recovered after 11 d. Our results imply that ginger root oil can be used to treat sterile medßy males without interfering with their dispersal or survival in the Þeld.

No abstract

Índice de área de cladódio. Nopalea sp. Opuntia sp. resUMoA palma forrageira, recebendo aporte adicional de água, pode se constituir em alternativa alimentar para os rebanhos da região semiárida brasileira, entretanto são escassas as informações sobre as respostas produtivas e estruturais dos genótipos, assim como do intervalo de cortes da planta. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar as características produtivas e estruturais de genótipos de palma forrageira em diferentes intervalos de corte. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas tendo os genóti-pos dispostos nas parcelas e os intervalos de corte nas subparcelas, com quatro repetições por tratamento, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. O experimento foi realizado no período de maio de 2014 a setembro de 2015, com três genótipos de palma forrageira, a orelha de elefante mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.), IPA 20 (Opuntia ficus indica (Mill)) e a miuda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck) e intervalos de corte de 4, 8, 12 e 16 meses após o plantio. A OEM aos 16 meses apresentou maior massa de forragem (t de matéria seca/ha e matéria verde/ha) em comparação com a miuda e IPA 20 nos diferentes intervalos de corte, tendo ainda maior taxa de acúmulo de forragem e melhor eficiência de uso da água. A miuda teve maior número de cladódios e cladódios mais leves. A OEM juntamente com a miuda apresentaram maiores índices de área de cladódio a partir de oito meses após o plantio comparada à IPA 20. Os genótipos assim como o intervalo de corte afetam as características produtivas e estruturais da palma forrageira. The spineless cactus receiving additional water may constitute alternative food for the flocks of the Brazilian semiarid; however, the information about structural and productive responses of genotypes, as well as the cutting intervals are scarce. This research aimed to evaluate the productive and structural characteristics of genotype at different cutting intervals. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plot (genotypes in the plots and cutting intervals in the subplots), with four replicates per treatment, totaling 48 experimental units. The experiment was conducted from May 2014 to September 2015, with three genotypes of cactus, the orelha de elefante mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) IPA 20 (Opuntia ficus indica (Mill.) and miuda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck) and at a cutting interval of 4, 8, 12 and 16 months after planting. The OEM at 16 months presented greater forage mass (t dry matter/ha and green matter/ha) compared to the miuda and IPA 20 at the different cut intervals, with a greater rate of forage accumulation rate and better water use efficiency. Miuda had more and lighter cladodes. The OEM together with miuda presented greater cladode area index from eight months after planting compared to IPA 20. The genotypes as well as the interval of cuts affect the productive and structural characteristics of spineless cactus. additional keYwordsCladode area ...

The aim of the present study was to assess diversity in the Botryosphaeriaceae on trees and fruit of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in a semi-arid region in northeastern Brazil in which most exported fruit in the country are produced. Using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data (ITS-1, ITS-2 and 5.8S rDNA) we confirmed the presence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in the region, and for the first time report Fusicoccum aesculi and Neofusicoccum parvum. L. theobromae was prevalent in the Assú Valley and F. aesculi and N. parvum were in the São Francisco Valley. In fruit inoculations, L. theobromae and N. parvum were more virulent than F. aesculi.