Human Resources HRs are one of the most important elements in the organizations, but it is difficult to manage a large number of human resources, especially in large companies. For this purpose, companies have tended to manage these resources taking advantages of the technology and the Internet. In this research, we will focus on human resources management in different companies and different countries and explore the factors that motivate companies to adopt Electronic Human Resource Management E-HRM as well as the factors that affect its adoption. The results showed that HRM plays a vital role in facilitating organizational processes, save cost and time, it also beneficial for competitive advantages. The findings also explored that E-HRM aspects and factors impact E-HRM adoption are varied from firm to another and from country to another. However, the companies moved towards adopting E-HRM because it mitigates the efforts of HR managers to take a decision.

This paper presents a comparative study of two designs and analysis: Two Tier Architecture (2TA) and Three Tier Architecture (3TA).  By using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) modeler network-efficiency is done evaluation. OPNET, a professional simulation tool, is relied on to check the system with many clients from networks for both 2TA and 3TA. The outcomes demonstrate that 3TA is more capable than 2TA in term of data assessment is done utilizing OPNET modeler, which gives a convenient and easy-to-utilize platform for simulating extensive criterion networks. So, it will give more achievement when extended with many clients from networks with eight or sixteen clients. The models are utilized to study how the performance of the network is influenced by the different design decisions that are made to upgrade the system. This paper likewise examines ways in which the OPNET modules have been produced so that students could learn computer network concepts, and not exactly how to use OPNET software.

Electronic Human Resource Management System (EHRMS) is a paperless-based system, which plays a vital role in facilitating organizational processes, overcoming all obstacles of a paper-based system, reducing cost, time, and efforts, enhancing the quality of services (QoS), and providing more accurate data. In addition, it is beneficial for competitive advantages and it eases the tasks of the HR managers to make decisions. In this paper, an efficient EHRMS is proposed, designed, and implemented. The system is called Enterprise Electronic University Human Resource Management System (EEUHRMS). The proposed system consists of fourteen modules that provide four groups of services. The first group is related to applicant services: Online Recruitment. The second group is related to staff services: Registration, Acknowledgements/Punishments, Annual Premium, Leaves, Leave Deduction, Archive, Dispatch, Extra Fees, Salary, and Service Summary. The third group is related to institutions and presidency services: Post and Statistics. While the fourth group is related to university services: Authentication and Statistics. The proposed system is evaluated by using the System Usability Scale (SUS) to get results via specific questionnaires that are checked by the university staff. The evaluation score of the questionnaire was about (85) which is considered a good result. The proposed system is developed using the Laravel framework.

Physical network topology is the configuration of computers, cables and other peripherals as a geometrical shape. There are many types of topologies each of them has many advantages and disadvantages. For high performance Local Area Networks (LANs), the builder of a network should select the best physical network topology. This paper analyzes three basic network topologies including bus, star and ring for different number of connected nodes (various network topology size) using OPNET simulator. Four scenarios are configured for each topology with number of connected nodes equal to 5, 10, 15 and 20 for senario1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In this analysis, four parameters investigated in Delay (Sec.) for the complete network, Load (Bits/Sec.), Traffic Received (Bits/Sec.) and the number of Collision for single node (server). Performance comparison is made in each topology separately based on various network size and another comparison is also made between these topologies for the same number of connected devices. The comparison results indicate that performance decreased when the network size increased and also show that bus topology is more effected than two other topologies.

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