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We studied how the relationship between cadmium (Cd) toxicity and oxidative stress influenced the Brm~th, photo.. synthetic efficiency, lipid peroxidation, and activity of ntimddative enzymes in the roots and leaves of rice (Oryza sat/va L Don~in). Plants were exposed to Cd for 21 d. Both seedling growth and photosynthetic efficiency decreased 8radu-ally with increasin 8 cadmium concentrations. Upid peroxi~ increased slowly in both roots and leaves, causing oxidative stress. However, each tissue type responded differentJy to Cd concentrations with regard to the induction/ inhibition of antioxidative enzymes. The acti~/of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in both roots and leaves. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased in leaves treated with up to 0~5 I~l Cd, then decreased 8radually at higher concentrations. In contrast, APX activity in roots increased and remained constant between 0.25 and 25 pM Cd. Enhanced peroxidase (POD) activity was recorded for treatments with up to 25 ~ Cd, 8radually decreasing at higher concentrations in the leaves but remaining unchan~d in the roots. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in the roots, but decreased in the leaves, whereas the activity of 81utathione reductase (GR) was enhanced in both roots and leaves, where it remained elevated at higher Cd concentrations. These results susBest that.rice seedlinss tend to cope with free radicals bqmerated by Cd throush coordinated, enhanced activities of the antioxidative enzymes involved in detoxification.

The title compound, C16H13IO2S, was prepared by the oxidation of 5-iodo-7-methyl-3-methyl­sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-benzofuran with 3-chloro­peroxy­benzoic acid. The phenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 27.17 (9)° with the plane of the benzofuran fragment, with the O atom and the methyl group of the methyl­sulfinyl substituent lying on opposite sides of this plane. The crystal structure exhibits inter­molecular C—H⋯I inter­actions, and an I⋯O halogen bond of 3.107 (2) Å with a nearly linear C—I⋯O angle of 173.73 (6)°.

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