The present study reports results of an investigation into Korean durational patterns with respect to syllable structure and syllable boundary. The main questions raised in this study were (1) whether different preceding syllable structures contribute to the durational patterns of the following segmental durations: closure duration, voice onset timing (VOT), and vowel duration; and, if so, (2) how they are realized, especially over syllable boundaries determined by Korean orthography. Thirty-six two-syllable nonsense words varying in syllable structure were analyzed. For the durational pattern of internal elements of syllables over syllable boundary, the initial consonants of the second syllable were differentiated into lax, tensed, and aspirated stops. Results indicate that initial consonant duration showed no significant difference regardless of syllable structure. Initial vowel duration, however, reflected temporal compensation depending on the syllable structure. In addition, the effect of preceding syllable structure was reflected only on the closure duration, not on the VOT nor on the vowel durations of following syllables. These findings imply that temporal compensation tends to occur across segments over syllable boundaries, suggesting the importance of syllable boundary in durational patterns in Seoul Korean. The relevance of orthography to syllable boundary is also discussed.
Stetson (1951) noted that repeating singleton coda consonants at fast speech rates makes them be perceived as onset consonants affiliated with a following vowel. The current study documents the perception of rate-induced resyllabification, as well as what temporal properties give rise to the perception of syllable affiliation. Stimuli were extracted from a previous study of repeated stop + vowel and vowel + stop syllables (de Jong, 2001a, 2001b). Forced-choice identification tasks show that slow repetitions are clearly distinguished. As speakers increase rate, they reach a point after which listeners disagree as to the affiliation of the stop. This pattern is found for voiced and voiceless consonants using different stimulus extraction techniques. Acoustic models of the identifications indicate that the sudden shift in syllabification occurs with the loss of an acoustic hiatus between successive syllables. Acoustic models of the fast rate identifications indicate various other qualities, such as consonant voicing, affect the probability that the consonants will be perceived as onsets. These results indicate a model of syllabic affiliation where specific juncture-marking aspects of the signal dominate parsing, and in their absence other differences provide additional, weaker cues to syllabic affiliation.
This article presents intercultural and linguistic exchanges by foreign language learners in an exploratory study of Internet-based desktop videoconferencing between Korean learners at a university in the United States, and their counterparts at a South Korean college. The desktop videoconferencing project was designed for foreign language learners of Korean to assist in developing linguistic competence, as well as intercultural communicative competence, by providing the learners with the target language and culture through real-time, one-on-one communication. The study shows the emerging themes that recur in a video-chat. It also reports on the Korean language learners' self-rated proficiency in their target language. Challenges and difficulties in video-conferencing are examined, followed by a discussion of the effectiveness of synchronous one-on-one video-conferencing for language learning in general, and in Korean language education in particular.
This paper examines glottal movement data in rate-controlled repetitions of CV (onset consonant + vowel) and VC (vowel + coda consonant) structures. It replicates Tuller & Kelso's (1991) observation of rate-induced phase transitions in glottal behavior. Specifically, for voiceless consonants peak glottal opening for CV's are similar at fast and slow rates. The timing for VC's at slow rates differs from that of CV's, but changes at fast rates to become like CV's. Additional aspects of rate-induced changes in glottal behavior were also found, however. For 'voiced' consonants, CV's show the same change in glottal timing as do voiceless post-vocalic VC's. In addition, apparent phase transitions may involve both the timing and magnitude of the gestures and as well as which glottal gestures the speakers implement. Hence, VC phase transitions also seem to involve a change in gestural composition, rather than just a re-coordination of the same gestures.
Bruce found that a local F0 peak is aligned very precisely in time with the segmental material in Swedish [Swedish word accents in sentence perspective (1977)]. Alternatively, it is possible that such F0 peaks may function as edge markers, and hence not necessarily be aligned with any particular aspect of the word-internal structure. This study investigates how an initial high tone is aligned in time with the segmental material in Standard Korean. Recordings of two speakers of Seoul Korean producing three-syllable words with various syllable structure combinations in two prosodic conditions were digitized and analyzed. One speaker shows no apparent pattern of alignment with the segmental material; peaks are simply reached at a fixed duration from the beginning of the utterance regardless of the structure of the word. Another speaker, however, shows that initial high tones fall into two distinct groups, ones aligned with initial syllables and ones aligned with second syllables. This syllable association is statistically related to syllable composition. These results suggest that Korean tone alignment is currently in a state of fluctuation between durationally fixed edge tones and tones associated with internal syllables according to a stochastic rule.
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