PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to find out the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) on bond strength of ceramic restoration under various thermocycling periods with DBA (dentin bonding agent system).MATERIALS AND METHODSFifty freshly extracted human mandibular third molars were divided into 5 groups (1 control and 4 experimental groups) of 10 teeth. We removed enamel layer of sound teeth and embedded them which will proceed to be IDS, using All Bond II. A thermocycling was applied to experimental groups for 1, 2, 7, 14 days respectively and was not applied to control group. IPS Empress II for ceramic was acid-etched with ceramic etchant (9.5% HF) and silane was applied. Each ceramic disc was bonded to specimens with Duo-link, dual curable resin cement by means of light curing for 100 seconds. After the cementation procedures, shear bond strength measurement and SEM analysis of the fractured surface were done. The data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test (α=.05).RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences between 4 experimental groups and control group, however the mean value started to decrease in group 7d, and group 14d showed the lowest mean bond strength in all groups. Also, group 7d and 14d showed distinct exposed dentin and collapsed hybrid layer was observed in SEM analysis.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, it can be concluded that ceramic restorations like a laminate veneer restoration should be bonded using resin cement within one week after IDS procedure.
We demonstrate that a composite surface of microgroove titanium (Ti) with immobilized fibronectin (FN) or bone sialoprotein II (BSP2) promotes osteoblastic differentiation and osteogenic transcription factor expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Comparisons made between smooth microgrooves, microgrooves with silanization and microgrooves with matrix protein (FN or BSP2)-immobilization Ti surfaces revealed a significant promotion of in vitro osteogenic activity and osteoblastic differentiation at various timelines of culture. An even more significant increase was verified on microgrooves with a matrix protein-immobilization Ti surface in 28 d time-dependent gene expression of the main osteogenic transcription factors, such as ARF4, FRA1, RUNX2, and OSX. As a result, a synergestic effect regarding the promotion of osteogenic transcription factor expression and osteoblastic differentiation in the matrix protein-microgroove Ti composite surface was confirmed. From a multiple regression analysis using various timelines of osteogenic culture as independent variables, day 13 was verified as the most prominent influential timeline for the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation induced by the matrix protein-microgroove Ti composite surface. The FN- or BSP2-microgroove Ti composite surface resulting from silanization can strongly induce the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation in human MSCs. The proposed surface is expected to be useful in the development of a variety of osteogenic biomaterial surfaces.
PURPOSETo determine the effect of fibronectin (FN)-conjugated, microgrooved titanium (Ti) on osteoblast differentiation and gene expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).MATERIALS AND METHODSPhotolithography was used to fabricate the microgrooved Ti, and amine functionalization (silanization) was used to immobilize fibronectin on the titanium surfaces. Osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression were analyzed by means of alkaline phosphatase activity assay, extracellular calcium deposition assay, and quantitative real-time PCR.RESULTSThe conjugation of fibronectin on Ti significantly increased osteoblast differentiation in MSCs compared with non-conjugated Ti substrates. On the extracellular calcium deposition assays of MSCs at 21 days, an approximately two-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on the etched 60-µm-wide/10-µm-deep microgrooved surface with fibronectin (E60/10FN) compared with the same surface without fibronectin (E60/10), and a more than four-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on E60/10FN compared with the non-etched control (NE0) and etched control (E0) surfaces. Through a series of analyses to determine the expression of osteoblast marker genes, a significant increase in all the marker genes except type I collagen α1 mRNA was seen with E60/10FN more than with any of the other groups, as compared with NE0.CONCLUSIONThe FN-conjugated, microgrooved Ti substrate can provide an effective surface to promote osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression in MSCs.
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