Ulnar nerve instability increased with elbow flexion and correlated with snapping of the triceps medial head. Ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve is an important tool in ulnar nerve instability assessment.

No abstract

SDB is prevalent during the 48 h following ACI or TIA in Korean subjects. The authors recommend that SDB be evaluated after an ACI or TIA, especially in those with a high BMI and an elevated SBP.

Cerebellar ataxia (hereinafter referred to as CA) designate a group of neurodegenerative disorders. CA is distinguished into a group of hereditary and non-hereditary disorders. CA shows clinically progressive features and accompanies various neurological abnormalities. However, there are very few studies and case reports in Korean patients. To estimate the prevalence rate and current status of the CA patients in Korea, we used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRAS) and from the National Health Insurance Corporation. To evaluate the functional status of CA patient in Korea, we conducted a simple random sampling among the 500 members of Korea Ataxia Society registered on its homepage. We evaluated the functional status and degree of disturbance to their everyday life with modified Rankin scales and Barthel ADL index. Using the data from HIRAS, we could estimate the prevalence rate of CA patients in Korea as 8.29 patients/100,000 persons. The prevalence rate of hereditary and non-hereditary cerebellar ataxia was 4.99 patients/100,000 persons and 3.30 patients/100,000 persons, respectively. Data on rare intractable diseases reported by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2006 suggested that the number of CA patients who have visited medical institutes was almost doubled for the 2-year period. The medical expense and hospital stay also increased 4.5- and 3-fold, respectively. After severity evaluation with modified Rankin scales and Barthel ADL index, we found that most CA patients in Korea have ataxia-related difficulties in their everyday life.

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the characteristics of seizure-like activities during head-up tilt test (HUT)-induced syncope, in patients with suspected vasovagal syncope (VVS). We also evaluated the differences in hemodynamic parameters between patients with and without seizure-like activities.A total of 71 patients with suspected VVS, who showed syncope during HUT between October 2010 and May 2013, were analyzed. Electrocardiogram and hemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored during HUT. We also performed video recording of patients during HUT to identify eyeball deviation or seizure-like limb movements.In all, 47 patients (66.2%) showed seizure-like activities at the time of syncope during HUT, 14 patients presented eyeball deviation, without abnormal limb movements, and 33 patients showed abnormal limb movements, such as myoclonic or tonic-clonic activities, as well as eyeball deviation. Upon comparison of the 2 groups with or without seizure-like activities, patients showing seizure-like activities presented a significantly lower heart rate at the time of syncope in HUT (38.51 ± 16.81 vs 49.67 ± 20.12, P < .05). Also, upon comparison within patients showing seizure-like activities, the patients who showed abnormal limb movements with eyeball deviation demonstrated a significantly lower systolic blood pressure and cardiac output at the time of syncope (34.30 ± 12.24 vs 49.00 ± 14.14, P < .05; 0.58 ± 0.40 vs 1.32 ± 0.97, P < .05).Seizure-like activities were observed in high percentage in about 66% of patients during HUT-induced syncope. The occurrence of seizure-like activities was associated with more severe transient hemodynamic changes, such as lower heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac output at the time of the HUT-induced syncope.