A boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probe with a phosgene-specific reactive motif shows remarkable selectivity toward phosgene, in the presence of which the nonfluorescent dye rapidly transforms into a new structure and induces a fluorescent response clearly observable to the naked eye under ultraviolet light. Given that dynamic, a prototypical handheld phosgene detector with a promising sensing capability that expedites the detection of gaseous phosgene without sophisticated instrumentation was developed. The proposed method using the handheld detector involves a rapid response period suitable for issuing early warnings during emergency situations.
Objective: Comorbid conditions are known to be associated with poor prognosis in coronavirus disease 2019. This study aimed to investigate the effects of comorbidity burdens of inpatients, identified by the Charlson Comorbidity Index, on their mortalities. Methods: A total of 150 patients who presented to the emergency department of our hospital with various complaints and symptoms were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 as a result of the testing and received inpatient treatment (87 males, mean age 61.6 ± 13.8 years) were included in the study. Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were calculated. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on the state of exitus: group 1, those who did not survive; 33 patients, 19 males; 68.3 ± 11.8 years and group 2, those who survived; 117 patients, 68 males; 59.7 ± 13.8 years. Results: In all patients, the exitus rate was 22%, the rate of intensive care follow-up was 46%, and the intubation rate was 37.3%. The Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the Charlson Comorbidity Index score was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 1.990, 95% CI: 1.314-3.015, P = .001). The cut-off value for the Charlson Comorbidity Index to predict in-hospital mortality was 5.5, with 81.8% sensitivity and 73.5% specificity. Conclusions: The Charlson Comorbidity Index score, which can be obtained at the time of admission, could be associated with the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Those with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score greater than 5.5 could be more associated with negative outcomes and mortality.
Purpose of the Study: Sleep problems are frequently encountered in Parkinson's disease (PD), including sleep fragmentation, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep-disordered breathing. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between sleep structure and sleep disorders on motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD. Basic Procedures: Seventy-three consecutive patients diagnosed as having PD based on the United Kingdom Brain Bank Criteria were prospectively enrolled. Detailed histories of PD-related symptoms, sleep anamnesis, subjective evaluation of nocturnal sleep, and daytime sleepiness were made. All participants underwent one-night video-polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) in a sleep laboratory. Main Findings: A significant correlation was present between female sex and RLS (P = 0.009). Age and body mass index showed no significant correlations with PD-related parameters including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and PSG parameters. RLS or RBD showed no significant correlation with PD-related variables. Among PSG parameters, higher REM sleep percentages showed a statistically significant correlation with increased scores of UPDRS part III (P = 0.007). A statistically significant negative correlation was present between apnea–hypopnea index and PD duration (P = 0.005), and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was statistically significantly correlated with lower scores of UPDRS part II (P = 0.050). The mean sleep latency in MSLT decreased as the dose of dopaminergic treatment increased (P = 0.016). Principal Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that changes in sleep structure and sleep-related disorders observed in PD could be attributed to intrinsic disease-related properties. The presence of changes in sleep structure as higher REM sleep percentages and sleep-related disorders such as OSAS show correlations with the severity of PD.
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