The design of novel cancer drug nanocarriers is critical in the framework of cancer therapeutics. Nanomaterials are gaining increased interest as cancer drug delivery systems. Self-assembling peptides constitute an emerging novel class of highly attractive nanomaterials with highly promising applications in drug delivery, as they can be used to facilitate drug release and/or stability while reducing side effects. Here, we provide a perspective on peptide self-assembled nanocarriers for cancer drug delivery and highlight the aspects of metal coordination, structure stabilization, and cyclization, as well as minimalism. We review particular challenges in nanomedicine design criteria and, finally, provide future perspectives on addressing a portion of the challenges via self-assembling peptide systems. We consider that the intrinsic advantages of such systems, along with the increasing progress in computational and experimental approaches for their study and design, could possibly lead to novel classes of single or multicomponent systems incorporating such materials for cancer drug delivery.