IntroductionAbdominal injuries are responsible for 10% of the mortalities due to trauma. Delays in early diagnosis or misdiagnoses are two major reasons for the mortality and morbidity associated with abdominal trauma. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of visceral injuries in patients with abdominal trauma and compare the frequency of visceral injuries in patients with blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study from May 2016 to May 2018 of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients were 12 to 65 years old and presented within 24 hours of abdominal trauma. We recorded the type of abdominal visceral injuries, such as liver, spleen, intestine, stomach, mesentery, and pancreas.ResultsThe mean patient age was 31 ±13 years. Penetrating trauma was found in most patients (n=72, 51%). Liver injuries were found in 37 patients (26.4%), spleen injuries in 29 patient (20.7%), stomach injuries in eight patients (5.7%), intestine injuries in 67 patients (47.9%), mesentery injuries in 21 patients (15%), and pancreas injuries in nine patients (6.4%). The type of abdominal trauma was found significantly associated with liver injury (p-value 0.021), and intestine injury (p-value <0.001).ConclusionPenetrating trauma (51.4%) was more common than blunt trauma (48.5%), and intestines are the most commonly affected by penetrating and blunt trauma injuries (70.1% and 47.8%, respectively). The liver is the most commonly affected (42.85%) in blunt trauma injuries, followed by the spleen (28.5%). The appropriate authorities should consider this information when instituting public health and safety initiatives.

Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rare among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases, and the diagnosis is usually preceded by a high index of suspicion and findings of granulomatous lesions. We conducted this study to evaluate different clinical presentations of breast TB, including its diagnosis and association with lactation. We also examined the association of breast TB with TB elsewhere in the body and contact history. This prospective, descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan from March 2017 to March 2019. The study population consisted of 100 women of age ranging from 30 to 39 years after 10 patients were lost to follow-up. After providing informed written consent and a histopathology or culture report, participants completed a proforma. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to analyze the data, which were kept confidential. Twenty-four patients had diabetes, while 36 patients had no comorbidities. The most consistent symptoms were breast pain (98%), breast lump (89%), fever (83%), and discharge (45%). Of the 100 women, 34 were diagnosed with TB, while 66 women had nonspecific inflammation. Sixty-nine women were lactating, and 31 were nonlactating. Of the 69 lactating women, 21 had been diagnosed with TB while 48 had nonspecific inflammation. TB represents a great burden in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan. Therefore, concerned departments must take necessary action to facilitate early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of prolonged hospital stay and its associated factors in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. Methods: After the ethical approval from College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, this descriptive study, was conducted at Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from 08-06-2021 till 08-01-22. Data was prospectively collected from patients after taking a verbal consent. 88 patients who met the diagnostic criteria were included. Quantitative data was presented as simple descriptive statistics giving mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables was presented as frequency and percentages. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification to see the effect of these on the outcome variable. Post stratification chi square test was applied taking p-value of ≤0.05 as significant Results: A total of 88 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. Mean age, duration of surgery, BMI, height and weight in our study was 50.14±10.49 years, 75.25±20.87 minutes, 29.66±2.56 kg/m2, and 152.3±10.28 cm and 76.9±8.87 kg. Out of 88 patients, 26 (29.5%) and 62 (70.5%) had and did not have prolonged hospital stay. Conclusion: It is possible to shorten the length of time spent in the hospital after surgery if the patient is carefully evaluated beforehand, the operation is performed with precision, and the patient is well cared for afterward. Keywords: Prolonged hospital stay, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, symptomatic cholelithiasis and factors.

Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) refers to injuries without wounds entering the peritoneal cavity due to road traffic accidents (RTA) and falls, as a result of collision or counter collision. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of patients with visceral injuries in blunt abdominal trauma. This study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, including ward-3 of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from November 2017 till November 2020. The study design was descriptive observational and cross sectional. During the study period, the data of 112 patients was collected, which comprised of 102 males and 10 females. All the patients between 12 to 65 years of age (mean age:31.84 ± 13.14 years) presenting to the emergency with < 24 hours of abdominal trauma, were included in the study. Organs involved during blunt abdominal trauma were observed and frequency was recorded. ---Continue

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