BACKGROUNDThe clinical relevance of androgen receptors (ARs) expressed in breast cancer cells and the suggested prognostic impact has been an area of active research. The prevalence rate of AR expression in breast cancer has never been reported among Jordanian patients.OBJECTIVEDetermine the expression rate of ARs among invasive ductal breast cancer cases of different stages and molecular subtypes. Also, analyze the relationship between AR expression and clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical criteria, and assess the impact of AR expression on survival.DESIGNRetrospective medical record review.SETTINGTertiary care hospital in Amman, Jordan.PATIENTS AND METHODSOur study comprised only of cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma of no special type among females from records during a 10-year period between 2006 and 2015. Immunohistochemical staining was considered positive if more than 10% of tumor nuclei showed positive staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThe expression rate of ARs and the association of the expression rate with the clinicopathologic features of invasive breast cancer.SAMPLE SIZE293.RESULTSImmunohistochemical staining for AR revealed positive staining in 180 (61.4%) cases, including approximately 50% of triple-negative breast cancer cases. AR positivity correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) status (P=.007) and smaller T size (P=.014). However, no significant association was found with any of the other variables. AR expression was positively associated with overall survival (P=.022) in general and in ER-positive cases (P=.012). However, in the multivariate Cox regression model, AR was not independently associated with survival.CONCLUSIONSThese results were consistent with international reports showing a significant relationship of AR expression with ER status. In addition, AR expression was significantly associated with smaller tumor size. Although AR status was not independently associated with survival, our data suggest AR is a good prognostic factor.LIMITATIONSSome clinical data were missing.
Background: The adolescent and young adult (AYA) age group lacks targeted epidemiologic studies that assess the prevalence and outcome of tumors. We aim to provide deep analysis of the epidemiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in AYA in Jordan. Methodology: This is a retrospective study for all CNS tumors in the AYA group patients diagnosed and managed at King Hussein Cancer Center in 2007–2016. A patient list was retrieved from the Center’s Cancer Registry, and clinicopathologic data were reviewed individually from the patients’ records. Results: A total of 370 cases of primary CNS tumors were retrieved, with a median age of 28.5 years. Males outnumbered females; 57.6 and 42.4%, respectively. Most tumors occurred in the cerebrum (62.2%, n = 230), the frontal lobe was the most commonly affected (29%). Glioma was the most common histologic category (58.9%, n = 218), with high-grade tumors, including glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, prevailing. Embryonal tumors comprised the second most common group (16.8%, n = 62). Medulloblastoma was the prototype of embryonal tumors (91.9%; n = 57). Glioma tended to affect the older age group than embryonal tumors (p value = 0.002). On last available follow-up, 29.5% were lost to follow-up, 36% were alive, and 34.6% were deceased. The median overall survival (OS) for all tumors was 47.6 months. Embryonal tumors had a better outcome than glioma (median OS 76.3 vs. 30.3 months, respectively; p value = 0.001). Conclusions: High-grade glioma affecting the cerebrum was the most common tumor among AYA age group and was associated with a less favorable outcome compared to embryonal tumors. More research is needed to address this special age group.
Small cell carcinoma is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor with aggressive clinical behavior. Histologically, the tumor is characterized by the proliferation of small, round, blue cells. Here, we present the case of a 50-year-old man with a 1-month history of enlarging chest wall mass. Microscopic examination of the lesion revealed a highly cellular neoplasm composed of closely packed, atypical spindle cells with scant cytoplasm, inconspicuous nucleoli, and brisk mitotic activity. The hemangiopericytoma-like vascular pattern was prominent. Areas showing a fibrosarcoma-like fascicular pattern were also observed. The tumor was immunohistochemically positive for TTF1, synaptophysin, and chromogranin, confirming small cell carcinoma. Further investigations revealed a lung origin and widespread metastases. The tumor in this case closely mimicked synovial sarcoma or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Small cell carcinoma demonstrates a hemangiopericytoma-like pattern that can mimic sarcoma histologically. This is a serious pitfall that can significantly affect the speed of diagnosis and management.
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