Nanoparticles on the basis of polylactic acid and polylactic-co-glycolic acids loaded with drugs In this article a brief review on the research works devoted to the synthesis and investigation of polymeric nanoparticles and nanocapsules on the basis of polylactic acid and its copolymer with polyglycolic acid is given. Nanoparticles based on biocompatible and biodergadable polylactic acid and polylactic-co-glycolic acids gained special interest in pharmaceutical field as the carriers of different drug preparations. General methods of synthesizing nanosomal formulations of polylactic acid and polylactic-co-glycolic acids were described in this work. Among the perspective methods of obtaining the polymeric nanoparticles and nanocapsules of polylactides and its copolymer with glycolic acid loaded with drugs the nanoprecipitation and emulsion methods were found to be the most suitable for the systems used. Another method of synthesizing the nanosized systems of polylactic-co-glycolic acid is a double emulsion method which makes possible to obtain nanocapsules with optimal characteristics. The possibilities of immobilization of nanoparticulate systems based on these polymers with antitumor and antituberculosis drugs were considered. Some examples of polylactic acid and polylactic-co-glycolic acids' nanoparticles and nanocapsules loaded with drugs which have applications in medicine for the treatment of tumor and tuberculosis diseases were shown.
Albumin nanoparticles loaded with the antitumor drug «Hydroxycarbamide» by the incorporation method In this article the possibility of loading the antitumor drug «Hydroxycarbamide» into the polymeric matrix of human serum albumin was studied. Nanoparticles of serum albumin were obtained using desolvation method. Prepared empty human serum albumin nanoparticles have average size of 108.4 nm with narrow particle size distribution, which make them promising in using for the drug delivery purposes. The binding of hydroxycarbamide with the polymer was performed by incorporation of the drug into the medium during the process of crosslinking of albumin macromolecules. Incorporation of the drug into human serum albumin led to the formation of nanoparticles loaded with hydroxycarbamide with satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics (average particle diameters were in the range of 250-350 nm and the value of polydispersity index was 0.2-0.3) with the high value of binding degree (up to 68 %). It was shown that increasing the concentration of the drug in the initial solution led to the increase of binding degree of hydroxycarbamide with human serum albumin nanoparticles. The kinetics of release process of the drug from albumin nanoparticles in the conditions modeling biological medium was studied. As a result of the study of the drug release rate it has been concluded that prolonged release of hydroxycarbamide can be achieved when nanosomal form of the drug is used.
Preparation and characterization of empty nanoparticles of poly-D,L-lactic acid and serum albumin The methods of preparation of polymeric nanoparticles and nanocapsules on the basis of such polymers as human serum albumin and poly-D,L-lactic acid are shown in this article. Human serum albumin and poly-D,L-lactic acid are well-known polymers used in medicine for different purposes including delivery of some potent drugs in the forms of nanoparticles. Empty nanoparticles of human serum albumin and poly-D,L-lactic acid have been successfully synthesized using desolvation and nanoprecipitation methods correspondingly. Optimal conditions of synthesizing the nanoparticles of human serum albumin and poly-D,L-lactic acid have been worked out. Obtained nanoparticles of the polymers have satisfactory physicochemical characteristics: the particle sizes were in the interval of 100-300 nm with narrow particle size distribution which points on the formation of nanoparticles of similar size. The surface charge of the particles was defined as it is the parameter that determines the stability of the system. The meanings of zetapotential were around-30 mV for both systems which justifies the stability of particles within the time. So the results of this study have shown that synthesized nanoparticles of human serum albumin and poly-D,L-lactic acid have good characteristics and hence they can further be used for loading them with different drugs.
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