Land surface temperature (LST) Urban heat island (UHI) Normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) Bursa Today, industrialization and urbanization in large cities cause an increase in the surfaces covered with man-made objects such as concrete and asphalt. The expansion of urban areas and increase in the using materials with high heat storage properties, directly affect the Land Surface Temperature (LST), which shows an increase in the sensible temperature of the region. LST is directly connected to the natural green vegetation of the land and varies widely in large urban areas, these differences related to the temperature is defined as the 'urban heat island'. In this study, it was investigated the temporal variation of land surface temperature due to urbanization. Bursa, which is considered as a study area, has shown a rapid population increase since 1990 and a rapid increase in the number of buildings with the impact of urbanization and industrialisation. To determine the effect of this urbanization and industrialisation on land surface temperature, temporal change analysis of the surface temperature in the Bursa was observed with Landsat satellite images of 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. From produced maps, it was observed that the amount of green vegetation in urban areas decreased and as a consequence of this decrease, the surface temperature increased in the urban areas.
Remote sensing that is a low cost data source capable of making temporal observations has more advantages than the traditional methods to obtain land-use/cover change maps. In this study, temporal land-use/cover change of surface water bodies in Konya Closed Basin was evaluated via Landsat satellite images for the past 30 years. The basin, located in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, faces water scarcity problems; however, wet agricultural activities are still favoured and practiced. Therefore, water resources are becoming more important than ever; public complains about long-lasting drought conditions and on lessening of surface water resources. There are 16 surface water bodies, and 3 of them are lakes; whereas the rest are wetlands of importance. Two of them are Ramsar sites. Results indicate that the surface area of the water bodies in Konya Closed Basin declined by approximately 23.5% within the inspection years. One of the important wetlands of the basin named as Akgol Wetland has almost lost its water surface by 96% at the same time interval, and is in danger of extinction. Thus, this vulnerable wetland has been focused on in the study. The decrease of water surface in the wetland is matched with the meteorological conditions.
Advances in remote sensing technology enable monitoring and detection of these vulnerable water bodies that bear numerous functions and ecological services beyond their intended use. As such, valuable data and information may be provided for long and short‐term analyses and stored in a database for future projections. This paper initially grouped 18 natural lakes of the Konya Closed Basin of Turkey according to their salinity level. Freshwater, saline and brackish lakes have then undergone temporal analysis for every 5‐year intervals via Landsat satellite images. Freshwater lake surfaces have not changed noticeably during the inspection period; however, saline waters have decreased in surface area by 32%. Beysehir Lake constituting 94% of the freshwater category and Tuz Lake representing 97% of the saline group were selected for the short‐term analysis that was monthly conducted for years 2017 and 2018 with optical and SAR images to better verify cause and effect relationship.
Özİnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) otomatik veya yarı otomatik uçuş prensibine sahip başlangıçta askeri amaçlar için kullanılan motorlu veya motorsuz hava araçlarıdır. Son yıllarda meydana gelen gelişmelerle birlikte İHA'lar, afet yönetimi ve planlama, ormancılık, fotogrametrik değerlendirme, yol ve nehir gözlemleri, arazilerin üç boyutlu (3B) modellerinin üretilmesi gibi birçok ticari ve akademik çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. İHA'lara digital kameralarının entegre edilmesi yüksek çözünürlükte görüntülerin elde edilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu görüntülerin değerlendirilmesi zor ve zaman alıcı olmasına rağmen dijital fotogrametri ile birlikte bu sorun ortadan kalkmakta ve objenin veya arazinin 3 boyutlu(3B) yoğun nokta bulutu, sayısal yüzey modeli (SYM) ve ortogörüntüleri üretilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada İTÜ Ayazağa Kampüsünde, 60m, 80m ve 100m yüksekliklerinde uçuşlar gerçekleştirilerek 60m ve 80m yükseklikte 90°, 100m yükseklikte 45°, 60° ve 90° kamera açıları ile yüksek çözünürlüklü sayısal görüntüler elde edilerek alanın ortogörüntüleri üretilmiştir. Daha sonra çalışma alanında jeodezik yöntemler kullanılarak önceden tesis edilmiş 5 adet yer kontrol noktası ile ortogörüntülerin doğrulukları test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı yüksekliklerin ve aynı yükseklikte farklı kamera açılarından üretilen ortogörüntünün doğruluk irdelemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA), OrtoGörüntü, Eğik Fotogrametri, Dijital Fotogrametri The Investigation of The Height and The Camera Angle in The Production of Orthoimage with Images of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are motorized or non-motorized aerial vehicle with an automatic or semiautomatic flight principle. Firstly, UAV's were used for military purposes. Along with the developments in recent years, UAV's have been widely used in many commercial and scientific studies such as disaster management and planning, forestry, photogrammetric assessment, road and river observations and the production of 3D models of land or object. High-resolution images can be obtained with the integration of digital cameras into UAV's. Although image processing is difficult and time-consuming, digital photogrammetry alleviates this problem and can produce 3D dense point cloud, Digital Surface Model (DSM) and orthoimages. In this study, ortoimage was obtained from high resolution digital images which taken using 90° camera angles at 60 and 80-meter altitude and 45°, 60° and 90° camera angles at 100-meter altitude in Istanbul Technical University Ayazağa campus. Subsequently, using geodetic methods, accuracy of ortoimages were tested via 5 ground control points which established before study. Also, effect of different altitude and camera angles at same altitude on accuracy of ortoimages were invastigated.
Remote sensing data provides great opportunities in various steps of watershed management like characterization of watersheds that bear dynamic structure with large land, monitoring the physical variations within the basin, and conducting various scenario analyses to detect the response of the basin. The high resolution capacity of today's satellite images enables the production of land use/cover data of a basin in shorter period of time. In this study, it is aimed to demonstrate various aspects of remote sensing technology to be used in watershed management studies. For that purpose, MODIS, Landsat and Sentinel satellite data with different spatial resolutions were used to monitor the surface water bodies in Konya Closed Basin (KCB) of Turkey. In addition, high spatial Worldview-3 satellite data were used to extract detailed information about Akgol Wetland located in KCB. A methodology was developed on the utilization of remote sensing technology consisting of 3 main groups; field surveys, satellite images and ancillary data. In the study, 5 different spectral indices were applied to Sentinel 2 data to determine the areas of surface water bodies. Moreover, Support Vector Machine (SVM) method was applied to Worldview-3 satellite image to classify Akgol Wetland and its vicinity. The importance of establishing watershed information system together with a database reflecting the characteristics of watersheds was underlined. Various examples were given from KCB that is known as the largest closed basin of the country with a surface area of 5.426.480 ha. The basin owns 17 water bodies out of which 2 of them are RAMSAR sites. Within the scope of the study, information obtained from optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images in the basin were discussed. More accurate results were achieved by Sentinel 2 than MODIS and Landsat data. In addition, detailed information about the wetland were extracted by means of Worldview-3 data and water bodies were monitored in all weather conditions via Sentinel 1 SAR data.
Dear colleagues and friends, X. TUFUAB Technical Symposium was held in Aksaray on 25-27, April 2019. The Symposium was carried out by the organizations of Aksaray University and General Directorate of Mapping. As a international symposium in the field of photogrammetry and remote sensing, X.TUFUAB Technical Symposium 2019 is devoted to promote the advancement of knowledge, research, development, education and training in Geographical Information Sciences, Information Technology, Environmental Management and Resources, Sustainable Agriculture, Surveying, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, their integration and applications, as to contribute to the well-being of humanity and the sustainability of the environment. 425 participants and scientists from 7 countries were attended to this symposium. 125 oral presentations and 10 poster presentations were presented during the symposium. 135 presentations take place in 25 sessions in two days.
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