In building design, the decision-makers should not focus only on energy efficiency as a single objective but indoor environmental quality indicators, such as thermal comfort, daylight usage and so on, should also be considered as a part of building performance. The building performance can be ensured by determining the proper performance indicators and the variables during the design. In this context, a weighted (among the objectives) multi-objective cost function was proposed, for the optimisation of energy, thermal comfort and daylight usage of a case study archetype design, through the selected design variables, considering the base architectural design principles as well. A typical social housing archetype design was determined as the case study to apply the proposed approach. The window sizes are optimised for each orientation simultaneously, for a temperate-humid climatic region. The results were evaluated in terms of improvement potentials of energy, thermal comfort and daylight performances, and the dominant values for the window sizes for each facade. According to the results, the optimised scenario achieved an 11.42% reduction in primary energy use equivalent to 181.24 kWh/m2a, a 4.52% reduction in a predicted percentage of dissatisfied with 9.12%, and a reduction in lighting energy of 4.94% equivalent to 21.17 kWh/m2a. These reductions verify the possibility to achieve higher performances on each criterion.
In this paper, a common social housing archetype design was studied in order to improve the energy and cost performance. The focus is on evaluating the effects of some parameters of the design of the façade in particular: the size of the windows and the optical and thermo-physical properties of the components. The aim is to obtain cost optimal energy efficient scenarios in accordance with the Recast of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD Recast) by determining efficient thicknesses of the insulation for the exterior walls and efficient window sizes and types of glazing for each orientation, simultaneously. The parameters of the façade are optimized in order to obtain the dominant values and ranges in terms of energy and cost. There are remarkable differences in the dominant options for the thickness of the insulations, as well as the type and size of windows: they depend on whether they have a north, south and east–west orientation. The decision makers should design each façade in dependence on its orientation to determine its optimal optical and thermo-physical properties in terms of its cost and its consumption of energy. A reduction by approximately 5% in the life cycle cost and 17% in the primary energy use was achieved through the optimization of the base case.
The importance of building energy performance has been substantially increasing in the last decades due to the global warming. Therefore, buildings within the existing stock and the new buildings are encouraged to achieve the energy performance restrictions and efficiency levels. In this context, a social housing archetype (Harct), which is constructed in each climate region of Turkey with a common design approach for temperate climate region, is evaluated as a base case to improve the energy performance for the cold climate region by the optimization of the life cycle cost (LCC). It is, namely, aimed to not only improve the energy performance of the archetype but also to ensure optimal cost efficiency as significant criterion.
It is focused to optimize the façades of the Harct in terms of window width, and optic and thermo-physical properties of the façade with determining the efficient insulation thickness level for exterior walls and efficient glazing types for windows. Firstly, façade design is analysed to find out the minimum and maximum windows’ widths to achieve the optimal window sizes. Secondly, optic and thermo-physical properties and cost data of the opaque and transparent façade elements have been designated among the market products in accordance with the current regulations. Energy model of the building has been run by Energy Plus simulation tool, in order to integrate it with GenOpt for optimization. Optimization was performed to carry out efficient frontier cases. The results were evaluated from life cycle cost (LCC) and energy efficiency point of view to highlight the cost optimal point
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