On this study, effect of heat treatments (liquefaction at 55 °C for 12 h and pasteurisation at 90 °C 15 sec) on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of astragalus and sunflower-cornflower honeys was investigated. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity of honeys were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu and ABTS methods, respectively. Phenolic profile was determined by HPLC-DAD system. Dnly pasteurisation process had a significant impact on sunflower-cornflower honey with regard to total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids, rutin, kaempferol were detected in astragalus honey, while 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids, apigenin, rutin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-glucoside, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol were detected in sunflower-cornflower honey. Pasteurisation significantly decreased caffeic acid in astragalus honey and other detected phenolics showed no significant difference after heat treatments. The impact of liquefaction process is lower than the pasteurisation process in terms of quantitatively phenolic compounds changes. Practical application:This study provides useful information for determining the appropriate method which will have the least effect on the components of honey, from different heat treatments applied to flower honey for crystallization prevention and pasteurization.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds and skins, which are the wastes of the tomato processing industry, are often regarded as animal feed in everyday life. In this study, tomato seed oil was obtained by Soxhlet extractor. The oil yield of tomato seeds was approximately 20.8%. The oils in the transparent, amber and opaque glass bottles were exposed to sunlight from June to September. The sample intake was made every 20 days and this procedure was repeated 4 times. Each sample was analyzed for fatty acid composition in gas chromatography. The minimum and maximum rates of the major fatty acids in all of the oil samples were 54.12-55.72%, 21.68-22.35%, 11.92-12.55%, 6.18-6.63% and 2.39-2.62% for linoleic (C18:2n6c), oleic (C18:1n9c), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and α-linolenic acids (C18:3n3), respectively. The results showed that there was no highly variation between the fatty acid rates in all samples.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of grafting on the fatty acid profile and some physicochemical properties of watermelon seed and seed oil. The ‘Crimson Tide’ cultivar was used as the scion while two wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (A1 and A2)), one Lagenaria siceraria (A3) and one Cucurbita maxima Duchesne x Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (A4) were used as rootstocks. The use of rootstock significantly influenced the fatty acid profile and the physical parameters of seeds and seed oils. The highest linoleic acid ratio was found in the seed oil from A1 and A2, the oil from A3 had the highest oleic acid ratio. The results showed that the content and acid value in seed oils were improved, and that total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of both seed and oil were decreased by grafting. Wild rootstocks can be used in watermelon cultivation to obtain a watermelon seed which is rich in linoleic acid.