Early accounts by European explorers and settlers of South Australia contain numerous references to scums or discoloured water that are consistent with cyanobacterial blooms. Documented reports refer back to at least 1853. The first detailed scientific account of toxic cyanobacteria appeared in 1878. In a perceptive and prescient paper in Nature, the Adelaide assayer and chemist George Francis reported on stock deaths at Milang on the shores of Lake Alexandrina in South Australia. Francis attributed the deaths to the ingestion and toxicity of scums of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Reports of cyanobacterial blooms, scums and associated problems in Lake Alexandrina and in the River Murray between about 1851 and 1888 are discussed and comparisons are made with the reactions to blooms a century later.

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This work examines removals, institutions, and community lives in U.S. history. It centers on "dislocated histories" from South Dakota’s Canton Asylum, the only federal psychiatric hospital for American Indians. Between its opening in 1902 and forced closure in 1934, the Asylum ultimately held four hundred men, women, and children from seventeen states and nearly fifty tribal nations. Individual histories of those confined at Canton and their families are inextricably tied to broader stories of forced removals; the rise of penal, medical, and disability institutions; eugenics; and contests over citizenship and American identity in U.S. history. This work explores some of the methodological issues around how to present Canton Asylum, Native American, split family, and dislocated community histories. Central to the process is relocating this history, placing Canton inmates at the center. Considering the dislocated history of Elizabeth Alexis Fairbault and her family draws attention to the highly relational dimensions of these factors; this approach intentionally challenges racist, sexist, and ableist systems of power that shaped the options and experiences of people incarcerated at Canton. It complicates the dominant, institutional interpretation and--to a limited degree--restores those removed from their communities to our historical frameworks.

Abstract-We consider the problem of searching for an unknown number of static targets inside an assigned area. The search problem is tackled using Probabilisitic Quadtrees (PQ), a data structure we recently introduced. Probabilistic quadtrees allow for a variable resolution representation and naturally induce a search problem where the searcher needs to choose not only where to sense, but also the sensing resolution. Through a Bayesian approach accommodating faulty sensors returning both false positives and missed detections, a posterior distribution about the location of the targets is propagated during the search effort. In this paper we extend our previous findings by considering the problem of searching for an unknown number of targets. Moreover, we substitute our formerly used heuristic with an approach based on information gain and expected costs. Finally, we provide some convergence results showing that in the worst case our model provides the same results as uniform grids, thus guaranteeing that the representation we propose gracefully degrades towards a known model. Extensive simulation results substantiate the properties of the method we propose, and we also show that our variable resolution method outperforms traditional methods based on uniform resolution grids.