None of these Asian patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery died from VTE. Pooled rates of proximal and symptomatic DVT were lower than in Western reports.
The pathogenesis of segmental infarction appears to be multi-factorial, reflecting the combination of an initiating anatomic lesion and potentiating thrombogenic milieu. Segmental infarction typically occurs in the early postoperative period, and prompt diagnosis is difficult to obtain. In view of this, prophylactic heparin may be warranted for those at highest risk. There was no correlation between the infarct area and the graft function, and the long-term graft function is compromised out of proportion to the extent of parenchymal loss. This finding highlights the role of predisposing factors, particularly marginal graft quality, in determining the functional outcome. Segmental infarction may be more frequently encountered as cadaveric organ shortages encourage greater use of marginal donor kidneys.
Thai patients with CVI were relatively young. Visible varicose veins, pain, oedema and inflammation were uncommon and most patients could maintain their usual activities despite advanced venous disease. An association with obesity was not common. Despite a low prevalence of a history of previous DVT, the prevalence of deep vein reflux was high and commonly combined with superficial venous reflux.
Fine-needle aspiration should be routinely performed in all patients with breast masses. This would facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment in one-third of patients with breast cyst, and the benign cytological result could facilitate definite management in the majority of patients with a low risk of malignancy. This could save cost, time and patient anxiety. For the patients with a high clinical suspicion of breast cancer, the positive cytological result could reliably confirm the diagnosis, while the equivocal result could be combined with mammography or open biopsy. Considering the ease, simplicity and low cost, FNA may be suitable for developing countries where other non-invasive procedures are unavailable or difficult to obtain, and it could replace open biopsy, which is still commonly done.
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