We aimed to detect the etiological agents of acute diarrhea by a molecular gastrointestinal pathogen test (MGPT) and to assess the impact of MGPT on antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). This is a prospective observational study and was conducted between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2017. We included consequent patients who had acute diarrhea. At the end of 2015, we implemented ASP in acute diarrhea cases and compared the outcomes in the pre-ASP and post-ASP periods. An FDA-cleared multiplexed gastrointestinal PCR panel system, the BioFire FilmArray (Idaho Technology, Salt Lake City, UT), which detects 20 pathogens in stool, was used. In 499 out of 699 patients (71%), at least one pathogen was detected. Among 314 adults with positive MGPT, 101 (32%) enteropathogenic (EPEC), 71 (23%) enteroaggregative (EAEC), 68 (22%) enterotoxigenic (ETEC), 55 (18%) Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) (17%) , 48 (15%), 21 (7%) , and 20 (6%) strains were detected. Among 185 children, 55 (30%) EPEC, 37 (20%) , 32 (17%), 29 (16%) EAEC, 22 (12%) STEC, 21 (11%) ETEC, 21 (11%) , 20 (11%), and 16 (5%) strains were detected. Inappropriate antibiotic use decreased in the post-ASP period compared with the pre-ASP period among inpatients (42.9% and 25.8%, respectively; = 0.023). Using MGPT in clinical practice significantly decreased the unnecessary use of antibiotics. Detection of high rates of in children and spp., as well as relatively high rates of spp., which were hard to isolate by routine stool culture, were remarkable.

SIGNIFICANCE Choroidal vascularity index measured by image binarization method from peripapillary optical coherence tomography sections has been found significantly lower in papilledema patients than healthy controls. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare peripapillary choroidal parameters in papilledema patients with control subjects. METHODS Peripapillary spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans of 34 patients with papilledema and 34 healthy controls are acquired for the study. Images are binarized with the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to calculate total choroidal area, stromal area, luminal area, and choroidal vascularity index. RESULTS Total choroidal area, luminal area, and choroidal vascularity were significantly lower in papilledema patients compared with healthy controls on right (1.343 ± 0.286 vs. 1.694 ± 0.344, P < .001; 0.880 ± 0.209 vs. 1.167 ± 0.255, P < .001; 65.28 ± 2.99% vs. 68.68 ± 2.81%, P < .001, respectively) and left eyes (1.376 ± 0.308 vs. 1.647 ± 0.339, P < .001; 0.899 ± 0.231 vs. 1.134 ± 0.237, P < .001; 64.92 ± 3.44 vs. 68.84 ± 3.23, P < .001, respectively). No difference was found between active and remitted stages of papilledema in terms of choroidal parameters. CONCLUSIONS Peripapillary total choroidal area, luminal area, and choroidal vascularity index are significantly reduced in patients with papilledema. These parameters might be beneficial tools for evaluating choroidal vascularity in papilledema quantitatively and differential diagnosis for optic disc edema.