ABSTRACT.Purpose: To report the management of a patient who had LeFort type III fractures and traumatic luxation of the globe with avulsion of the optic nerve and all extraocular muscles except for the medial rectus. Methods: Eight hours after the trauma, the detached and retracted superior and lateral recti muscles could be found and sutured to their original insertions. The inferior rectus could not be retrieved. Results: Although the left eye had no light perception, most of its motility was restored resulting in an unblemished cosmesis. Conclusion: Avoiding primary enucleation helped to alleviate the psychological burden of the trauma on the patient. In case of the eventual development of phthisis bulbi, the patient will have a chance to be fitted with a prosthesis over his own eye with a resulting better motility.Key words: avulsion -optic nerve -extraocular muscle -trauma -orbit.Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 1999: 77: 340-342 Copyright c Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999. ISSN 1395-3907 A vulsion of the globe (avulsio bulbi) can be classified as avulsion of the optic nerve only (avulsio incompleta) or with accompanying disruption of the extraocular muscles (avulsio completa) which may cause total luxation of the ocular bulbus (Lang et al. 1991). Fortunately, luxatio bulbi is a rare event, so much so that it was alluded to as a medical curiosity just before the turn of the century in 1896 (Gould & Pyle 1956). Paradoxically, a hundred years after the compilation of this record of rare medical events, this extreme form of trauma still fascinates the professionals, possibly as a result of the continuing appearance of sporadic reports. We herein describe a patient with avulsio bulbi who is slightly different from those in the literature in that he was not managed by enucleation. Report of a CaseA 29-year-old man sustained severe facial injuries after a motor vehicle accident while driving with blood alcohol levels far beyond the legal limits. He was hospitalized in an unconscious state and was not arousable to verbal stimuli. He had deep facial lacerations on both sides which included the lower eyelids and the left upper eyelid. The left globe was luxated to over the skin of the upper lid below the brows. Posterior portions of the globe were surrounded by edematous Tenon's and orbital fat. The optic nerve was seemingly avulsed from just behind the globe as there was a 1 mm stump attached to the bulbus. Except for the medial rectus, all extraocular muscles were severed at 2-3 mm posterior to their insertions. The conjunctiva was torn at the limbus and retracted posteriorly. The eyeball was slightly hypotonic but intact. The cornea was cloudy and the pupil was widely dilated. There was no direct or indirect reaction to light. No view of the fundus could be obtained. Cranial computed tomographic (CT) images showed LeFort type III facial fractures and were suggestive of avulsion of the optic nerve within the left orbit (Fig. 1). Intracranial structures and the right eye were normal. Intravenous corticosteroids and antibio...
Purpose: To review the etiologic factors and complications of uveitis in patients younger than 16 years. Patients and Methods: Between January 1989 and December 1999 in the Department of Ophthalmology of Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 219 patients were diagnosed or observed as having pediatric uveitis. After complete ocular and physical examinations, routine and specific laboratory and radiologic investigations were performed. Medical or surgical treatment was employed when necessary. Results: Of the 219 patients, 112 were girls, with a mean age of 7.4 ± 4.2 years, and 107 were boys, with a mean age of 8.3 ± 3.4 years. In 24.2% of the cases, no etiologic factor could be ascertained; these cases comprised the idiopathic group. Among the remaining cases, the most common etiologies were toxoplasmosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis ORA), pars planitis, Behçet's disease, and Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis. Anatomically, anterior uveitis was the most common form. The mean follow-up time was 37 ± 6.2 months. Complications for which surgical treatment was employed were identified in 71 eyes (20.9%), most of which were due to JRA, pars planitis, or Behçet's disease. Conclusion: Uveitis in childhood may be idiopathic or most commonly due to toxoplasmosis, JRA, and pars planitis. Due to inflammation itself or to prolonged therapy especially with corticosteroids, pediatric uveitis entities (mostly JRA, pars planitis, or Behçet's disease) may result in complications necessitating a surgical approach. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:335-340.
Clinical findings of a 2.5-year-old girl presenting with barely detectable horizontal nystagmus and high hypermetropia are described. Despite the normal appearing anterior segments, the child had posterior microphthalmus and bilateral papillomacular retinal folds, conforming to a recently described, rare congenital disease. The patient also had significant posterior pole excyclorotation and avascular zones at the extreme temporal periphery without ridge formation or neovascularization. These findings were not reported previously. Other remarkable features include mildly depressed photopic and scotopic electroretinogram amplitudes and a short axial length of the vitreous cavity compared to age-matched normals, measured by ultrasonography. The present case adds new elements to this relatively rare ocular developmental abnormality.
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