These results suggest that MCP-1 could have an important role in the activation and recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells in periodontal diseases, and both AgP and CP patients may have the same pattern of MCP-1 expression. A strong positive correlation between the GCF levels of MCP-1 and TNF-alpha may account for the mechanism of amplification of inflammatory events in gingival inflammation.
Various studies have shown biostimulation effects of laser irradiation by producing metabolic changes within the cells. Little is known about the biological effect of laser irradiation on the oral tissues. Among the many physiological effects, it is important to recognize that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may affect release of growth factors from fibroblasts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the laser irradiation can enhance the release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and receptor of IGF-1 (IGFBP3) from human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The number of all samples in the study were 30, and the samples were randomly divided into three equal groups; In the first group (single dose group), HGF were irradiated with laser energy of 685 nm, for 140 s, 2 J/cm(2) for one time, and in the second group, energy at the same dose was applied for two consecutive days (double dose group). The third group served as nonirradiated control group. Proliferation, viability, and bFGF, IGF-1, IGFBP3 analysis of control and irradiated cultures were compared with each other. Both of the irradiated groups revealed higher proliferation and viability in comparison to the control group. Comparison of the single-dose group with the control group revealed statistically significant increases in bFGF (p < 0.01) and IGF-1 (p < 0.01), but IGFBP3 increased insignificantly (p > 0.05). When the double dose group was compared with the control group, significant increases were determined in all of the parameters (p < 0.01). In the comparison of the differences between the two irradiated groups (one dose and two doses), none of the parameters displayed any statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). In both of the laser groups, LLLT increased the cell proliferation and cell viability. The results of this study showed that LLLT increased the proliferation of HGF cells and release of bFGF, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 from these cells. LLLT may play an important role in periodontal wound healing and regeneration by enhancing the production of the growth factors.
Findings of the present study confirm the frequent presence of HCMV in crevicular samples of chronic periodontitis lesions, and suggest a strong relationship between the presence of HCMV and EBV-1 in subgingival areas and the measurements of probing depth and probing attachment loss.
These results suggest that levels of MMP-1 in GCF decreased and total levels of TIMP-1 in GCF increased after phase I periodontal therapy. The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 changed after phase I periodontal therapy, becoming close to that of the controls.
This study shows that the clinical improvements after phase I periodontal therapy are accompanied by reduction in MMP-3 and increasing in TIMP-1 GCF levels.
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