Background: Acute abdomen is an acute onset of abdominal disease entities that require immediate surgical intervention. It is one of the commonest surgical emergencies encountered both in developed and developing nations. This systemic review and meta-analysis was aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of acute appendicitis among acute abdomen patients in Ethiopia. Materials and methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), AJOL, Web of Science, Mednar, and Chocrane library were searched. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using STATA version 14. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot and more objectively through Egger's regression test, with P > 0.05 considered to indicate absence publication bias. Heterogeneity of studies was checked using the I2 test. Pooled analysis was conducted. Subgroup analysis was done by region. Leave out one sensitivity analysis was employed to see the effect of single study on the overall estimation. STATA version 14 statistical software was used for meta-analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of acute appendicitis was 44.272% (95% CI: 38.366, 50.18.503; I2 = 93.9%). Based on the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of acute appendicitis was 53.2% in Tigrai, 46.54% in Oromia, 44.26% in SNNPR, 41.30% in Addis Ababa, and 36.81% in Amhara. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute appendicitis among acute abdomen patients is high. Therefore, close monitoring of the patient prognosis and appropriate prevention techniques is essential. Highlights:

Background: Depressed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) show poorer compliance with treatment and self-care recommendations than non-depressed T2DM patients. This contributes to poor prognosis and accelerates diabetic-related complications including poor glucose regulation, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and escalated healthcare expenditure. Objective: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of untreated depression and associated factors among people living with T2DM at outpatient diabetic clinic in Halaba Kulito General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 15, 2019 at Halaba Kulito Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. We collected data by faceto-face interview with patient record review. A total of 418 type 2 diabetic patients were systematically selected and interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. We used a composite score of nine-items Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression status. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize respondents' background characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors with the outcome variable. Levels of significance were set at 5% (P<0.05). Results: The finding depicted that 120 (29.3% with 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 25.0%, 34.0%) study participants satisfied diagnostic criteria for depression disorder. After controlling for confounding effect, we identified being hypertensive (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 5.66; 95% CI: 3.24, 9.86), having no child (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.88, 5.86), and poor glycemic control (AOR = 6.23; 95% CI: 3.65, 10.54) as risk factors for untreated depression among people with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that untreated depression among type 2 diabetic patients is high. Poor glycemic control, not having a child and having hypertension were among significantly associated factors with depression. These results suggest much need for interventions, including strong medication adherence and self-care activities such as exercise or healthful diet for optimal glycemic control.

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BackgroundReliable data on the burden of opportunistic infections (OIs) after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for planning health services and reducing OI-related morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, there has been no nationally representative information on the prevalence of OIs in our country. Therefore, we have undertaken this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, and identify factors associated with the development of OIs in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected adults receiving ART in Ethiopia.MethodsArticles were searched in international electronic databases. A standardized Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and STATA software version 16 were used for data extraction and analysis, respectively. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was used to write this report. The random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled effect. The statistical heterogeneity of the meta-analysis was checked. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias was examined in funnel plots and the nonparametric rank correlation test of Begg and the regression-based test of Egger. Association was expressed through a pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI).ResultsA total of 12 studies with 6,163 study participants were included. The pooled prevalence of OIs was 43.97% [95% CI (38.59, 49.34)]. Poor adherence to ART [OR, 5.90, 95% CI (3.05, 11.40)], under nutrition [OR, 3.70, 95% CI (2.01, 6.80)], CD4 T lymphocyte count &lt;200 cells /μL [OR, 3.23 95% CI (2.06, 5.07)], and advanced World Health Organization (WHO) HIV clinical stages [OR, 4.84 95% CI (1.83, 12.82)] were determinants of OIs.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of OIs among adults taking ART is high. Poor adherence to ART, under nutrition, a CD4 T lymphocyte count &lt;200 cells /μL, and advanced WHO HIV clinical stages were factors associated with the development of OIs.

IntroductionAll the factors at the institutional, provider, and client levels have an impact on the quality of care. In low- and middle-income countries, poor quality of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) management at health institutions is a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the perceived quality of care for SAM management among caregivers of under-five children.MethodsThis study was conducted in public health facilities that provide inpatient SAM management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institution-based convergent mixed-method study design was implemented. Quantitative data were analyzed by using a logistic regression model, while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsA total of 181 caregivers and 15 healthcare providers were recruited. The overall perceived quality of care for SAM management was 55.80% (CI: 48.5–63.10). Urban residence (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16–0.66), college and above level education (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 1.41–13.86), working as a government employee (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.05–7.05), readmitted to the hospital (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.94), and length of hospital stays &gt;7 days (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.01–4.27) were found to be significantly associated factors with perceived low-quality care for SAM management. Additionally, lack of support and attention from higher levels of management, and lack of supplements, separate units, and laboratory facilities were among the factors that impede the provision of quality care.DiscussionPerceived quality of SAM management services was low against the national goal of quality improvement to meet the expectations of both internal and external clients. Rural residents, those with more educational qualifications, government employees, newly admitted patients, and patients who stayed longer in hospitals were the most unsatisfied groups. Improving support and logistic supply to health facilities, providing client-centered care, and responding to caregivers' demands may help to improve quality and satisfaction.