The presence of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia will contribute to the movement of the Indonesian economy, so its growth is an essential part that must be considered by the government. The goal of this study was to explore the role of innovative capabilities in improving the performance of Indonesian SMEs. A variable approach to social capital, entrepreneurial leadership, innovation ability and SME efficiency was used in this research. The research included a sample of 352 small and medium-sized enterprises in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, consisting of 19 medium-sized enterprises and 333 small enterprises out of a total population of 2887 small and medium-sized enterprises (the sampling methodology used was chance sampling and simple random sampling methods). The findings show that social capital does not explicitly have a substantial impact on the business performance of SMEs in Pekanbaru, but if it is mediated by creative capacities, social capital indirectly plays a role in improving the performance of SMEs. Entrepreneurial leadership has a big influence on SMEs.
The ouput power of solar panel that decreased due to shading has been improved using bypass diode method. The placement of bypass diodes increased the output current and power. New peaks and maximum powerpoints on the current-svoltage characteristics and power-voltage characteristics were observed. Without bypass diodes, the maximum output power was only around 50 W. After placing bypass diodes, the first peak around 115 W and second peak around 150 W appeared at voltage of around 31 V and 40 V, respectively.
This paper explains the experimental investigation to improve the output power of solar cell using cooling and light reflection from mirrors. The results show that by adding mirror, the current and output power of solar cell increase but the open circuit voltage and maximum power voltage decrease due to heat. By adding cooling, the open circuit voltage and the maximum power voltage are improved, so the output power also increases. Keyword:Cell Cooling Mirror Photovoltaic Solar Copyright ©2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.All rights reserved. Corresponding Author:Fadliondi, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Jl. Cempaka Putih Tengah 27 Jakarta Indonesia 10510 Email: fadliondi@ftumj.ac.id INTRODUCTIONEnergy is the most important element for human being in the world to survive [1]. From morning until night, energy is involved in every life aspect. Overall, the sources of energy are divided into 2 which are renewable energy and non-renewable energy [2]. The renewable energy is energy that will not run out eventhough it is continuously used for long period while non-renewable energy is energy that will round out if it is continuously used for long period. Wind, water wave and solar energy are examples of renewable energy. Coal, oil and natural gas are examples of non-renewable energy. Compared to other energy sources, solar energy has many advantages. It is environmentally friendly, clean, abundant and free of noise pollution [3], [4]. Besides that, solar energy is unlimited energy which is available everywhere and free [5]. Solar energy must be converted into electrical energy so it can be used. The solar cell is a device that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic process and the solar cell was firstly invented by Charles Fritts in 1883 using junction formed by coating selenium with gold but the efficiency was only 1 % [6]. Generally, solar cells are divided into 3 types, monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film where the monocrystalline solar cell has higher efficiency than polycrystalline and thin film solar cells [7], [8]. The combination of several solar cells form solar module and the combination of several solar modules form solar panel. Air-cooling, liquid-cooling and immersion are examples of methods to increase the efficiency of solar cell [9], [10], [11]. The purpose of this research is to increase the output power of solar cell using mirror reflection.
Siomay is a popular street foods in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. Due to its characteristics siomay sauce can be incorporated with RPO (RPO) for vitamin A fortification. The objective of the study were determining the effect of RPO addition to the characteristic of siomay sauce, and determining the preference of siomay sauce added with various amount of RPO. A four levels addition of RPO (0.0 g, 1.5 g, 3.0 g and 4.5 g) were added to siumay sauce. The physical characteristics (viscosity, emulsion stability), sensory evaluation (hedonic test and duo-trio test) of the sauce, and the retinol equivalent of fortified siomay sauce were evaluated. The result showed that viscosity of siomay sauce increased with increasing addition of RPO into the sauce. The hedonic test revealed that the overall preference of original siomay sauce added with 4.5 g of RPO was not significantly diferent from the controll. In addition, siomay sauce enriched with 4,5 g RPO could increase 325.22 ?g retinol equivalents (RE) or equal to 38.26 % of the RDA of vitamin A for lactating woman. The finding suggest that siomay sauce fortified with RPO could be used for combating Vitamin A deviciency.
Abstract-The purpose of this paper is to fabricate a humidity sensor from organic semiconductor and to understand the effect of the transistor`s structure on the sensitivity of humidity sensor. Organic MOSFETs were fabricated using organic semiconductor called pentacene. The structures were bottom-contact and topcontact. The bottom-contact pentacene MOSFET was more sensitive to humidity than the top-contact pentacene MOSFET was. When the relative humidity increased from 20 % to 70 %, for V GS = V DS = -5 V, the magnitude of drain source current of the MOSFET decreased from 0.45 µA to 0.1 µA for bottomcontact pentacene MOSFET and from 3.6 µA to 3 µA for topcontact pentacene MOSFET. As the relative humidity increased from 20 % to 70 %, for V GS = 2 V and V DS = -5 V, the magnitude of drain source current of the MOSFET increased from 0.77 nA to 3 nA for bottom-contact pentacene MOSFET and from 0.6 nA to 1.4 nA for top-contact pentacene MOSFET. As the relative humidity increased from 20 % to 70 %, the threshold voltage shifted toward positive direction, from 0.5 V to 2 V for bottomcontact pentacene MOSFET and from 1 V to 2 V for top-contact pentacene MOSFET. The result showed that the pentacene MOSFET with bottom-contact structure was more suitable for humidity sensor than that with top-contact structure.Intisari-Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk melakukan fabrikasi sensor kelembaban dari bahan semikonduktor organik dan untuk melihat pengaruh struktur transistor terhadap sensitivitas terhadap kelembaban. MOSFET dari bahan semikonduktor pentacene telah difabrikasi. Struktur yang difabrikasi adalah bottom-contact dan top-contact. MOSFET pentacene bottom-contact lebih sensitif terhadap kelembaban dibandingkan dengan MOSFET pentacene top-contact. Saat kelembaban relatif naik dari 20% ke 70%, besar arus drain source dari MOSFET pentacene, saat V GS = V DS = -5 V, berkurang dari 0,45 µA ke 0,1 µA untuk MOSFET pentacene bottom-contact dan berkurang 3,6 µA ke 3 µA untuk MOSFET pentacene top-contact. Sementara, saat kelembaban relatif naik meningkat dari 20% ke 70%, besar arus drain source dari MOSFET pentacene, saat V GS = 2 V, V DS = -5 V, meningkat dari 0,77 nA ke 3 nA untuk MOSFET pentacene bottom-contact dan meningkat dari 0,6 nA ke 1,4 nA untuk MOSFET pentacene topcontact. Saat kelembaban relatif naik dari 20% ke 70%, tegangan ambang bergeser dari 0,5 V ke 2 V untuk MOSFET pentacene bottom-contact dan dari 1 V ke 2 V untuk MOSFET pentacene top-contact. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa MOSFET pentacene dengan struktur bottom-contact lebih cocok untuk sensor kelembaban dibandingkan struktur top-contact.
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