Beban lateral dinamis akibat gempa bumi akan mempengaruhi struktur bangunan yang terletak di sekitar pusat gempa. Dalam beberapa kasus, gempa bumi menyebabkan kerusakan yang sangat fatal pada struktur bangunan. Studi untuk memprediksi respon struktur terhadap gempa bumi memiliki peran penting untuk mentukan kontrol struktur untuk ketahanan gempa. Ada banyak metode yang dikembangkan untuk memprediksi respon dari struktur bangunan. Salah satu metode yang ditawarkan adalah metode elemen hingga (MEH). Metode elemen hingga adalah metode numerik untuk menentukan solusi perkiraan dari sistem kontinu. Pada penelitian ini metode elemen hingga dengan mengadobsi konsep beam elemen diterapkan pada getaran mekanis. Dengan konsep ini akan dilihat respon struktur bangunan dengan empat tingkat. Pada masing-masing tingkat dilakukan variasi parameter massa. Sehingga dapat ditunjukkan respon struktur akibat massa yang bervariasi dalam bentuk mode shape, perpindahan dan gaya geser struktur bangunan.
Sodium lithium zinc-lead borate glasses co-activated with Sm3+ ion were prepared by melt and quenching method. The glass composition regarding to (65 – x)B2O3 : 5ZnO : 5Li2O : 15 Na2O : 10PbO: x Sm2O3 chemical formula is synthesized with x = 0.0; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mol.%. These samples which are labeled as Sm_0.0; Sm_0.05; Sm_0.1; Sm_0.5; Sm_1.0; Sm_2.0 and Sm_4.0 respectively. The structural characteristic was investigated and analyzed by using the FTIR and XRD. Moreover, physics properties such as molar weight, density, molar volume, refractive index, etc were calculated with the standard equations. From the measurement and calculation, the density was found to increase slightly by showing linear trends with Sm2O3 content in the glass network structure. It was happened due to the compactness level of glass structure and geometrical arrangement have modified in the glass network. The molar volume of the glass samples also gradually increases from 28.185 cm3/mol to 29.613 cm3/mol. From the FTIR and XRD analysis can be confirmed that the present samples are amorphous without the presence of the crystalline peak.
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) used in building structures has a negative impact. The presence of CO2 emissions produced becomes very dangerous. To reduce this impact, materials that are more environmentally friendly are used. Silica Fume and liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) are among them. In this study, silica fume and liquid carbon dioxide were used as a substitute for cement. The effect of the stiffness of the two materials and the earthquake lateral load was tested by looking at the response of the high-rise building. Through numerical simulations, we compare the mode shape, displacement of the structure, and the sheer force experienced by the structure.
Computational astronomy is a very important branch in today's era, where physicists or researchers can use computers to process statistics in astronomical physics. researchers can process abstract data from raw data and can convert data into data visualizations. Computational physics astronomy is a sophisticated and well-established method, this branch of science can provide and process data, solve complex problems, and is very helpful for statisticians and computer scientists. Astronomical physicists have many problems, among others; there is a problem that is hierarchical, and complex, so that this paper will provide a basis for methods for optimizing methods in processing statistical data on physics. The author's hope is that astronomical physicists can perform an important and effective processing of astronomical data optimally and effectively.
. The use of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) for building structures should be reduced because it can produce harmful CO2 emissions. The use of environmentally friendly materials could be the solution. Liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of these material innovations. In this study, the liquid carbon dioxide was used as a substitute for OPC. The use of this material will affect the rigidity of the multi-story building structure. The effect of the stiffness variable value is tested by looking at the response of multy storey buildings during an earthquake. By using the finite difference method, the response of the multi-story building structure is analyzed through mode shape, structural displacement, and shear force.
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