Blood fever and Chikungunya cases in Indonesia are increasing annually. For preventing the mosquios, people use mosquito coil which is contain dangerous chemical compound. This research has successly created a natural mosquito coil with gemor bark and hazelnut fruit shell as the main material. Gemor bark is positive containing alcaloid,tanin, phenolk, flvonoid, triterpnoid and glycocydic compounds which are natural bioinsecticide. As formulation the comparison of gemor bark and hazelnut shell as follow :100% : 0 % ; 80 % : 20 % ; 65 % : 35 % ; 50 % : 50 % ; 35 % : 65% and 20 % : 80% were used. Base one random variance analysis, the best formula was the using of gemor bark in 50%, 35% and 20% of concentration. The mosquitos killing force analysis was using the LT50 for 6 days with 5 diferent concentrations. The result showed that 50 % of gemor bark was significantly influenced in the killing force. From the economic view, the producion of this coil was cheaper then the same product in the maket. Base on all the result, the research product is applicable in mass producion and safe for human health and the environment.Keywords: gemor bark , hazelnut fruit shell , mosquito coil, natural , ecofriendly
In the last few years, wood pellet demand has increased globally for residential purposes. In term of standard quality, wood pellet for residential purposes are tighter than industrial purposes. The wood pellet quality parameters are moisture changes in biomass, impacts on bulk density, and mechanical durability. This paper analyzes the effect of biomass moisture content (MC) into the quality of wood pellet made from jabon and ketapang sawdust to meet quality standard of ISO 17225-2. The pellet was grouped into three, based on MCs, i.e. <10% (air-dry), 15% and 20%. The sawdust was then pressed at 464.52 kg/cm 2 , 150°C for 10 minutes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted by Tukey and Homogenity tests on results. The optimum wood pellet quality was assessed using scoring method. Results showed that wood pellet moisture content significantly increased pellet's durability and density. However, greater moisture content reduces volatile matter, calorific value, sulphur, and nitrogen content of the pellet. Pellets made from jabon and ketapang meet the wood pellet standard's thresholds of ISO 17225-2 for grade A1 and B. Both wood pellets were high in quality and suitable for non-industrial and residential purposes. Based on the scoring, the best wood pellets were made from jabon's sawdust at 20% moisture content and ketapang's sawdust at 15% moisture content. The pellets contained relatively high calorific value, low ash content, sulphur, nitrogen and metals, which meet wood pellet's requirement for residential use with less smoke and combustion residue.
Torrefaction was thermochemical processes to make biomass a fuel that had better properties, such as increased carbon content and calorific value. It was a temperature-sensitive process that was effective between 200 °C and 300 °C in an inert environment with a residence time of 20-60 minutes. Palm kernel shell was one of the biomass that has the potential to be used as fuel, where its availability was abundant and has good physical properties. In this study of palm kernel shell torrefaction was carried out from 0.5 cm sieve with three variations in temperature and residence time follows 250 °C - 300 °C and 20-40 minutes. The results obtained were the increase in temperature and holding time causes an increase in the calorific value but relatively on energy yield because of a large mass loss at a temperature of 300 °C. The optimum process for torrefaction of palm kernel shell according to calorific value and energy yield was 275 °C with residence time 20 minutes.
Efektivitas ekstrak kayu ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) sebagai pengawet alami kayu …. Desi Mustika Amaliyah, dkk Efektivitas ekstrak kayu ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) sebagai pengawet alami kayu terhadap serangan rayap tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) Ulin wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) extract effectivity as natural wood preservatives to the attack of termite (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren
ABSTRAKPenelitian papan partikel untuk penggunaan dalam ruangan (Interior) dengan komposisi campuran partikel serutan rotan (sebagai inti) dan cangkang kelapa sawit (sebagai lapisan luar) telah dilakukan komposisi terdiri dari a1 = 30% : 40% : 30%, a2 = 25% : 50 % : 25%, a3 = 20% : 60% : 20%, a4 = 15% : 70 % : 15%, a5 = 10% : 80% :10%, a6 = 5% : 90 % : 5%. Konsentrasi perekat urea formaldehida (UF) b1= 3 %, b2 = 6 %, b3 =9%. Hasil pengujian sifat fisik dan mekanik papan partikel menunjukkan kadar air 11,12 % -11,71 %, pengembangan tebal 5,56 % -7,15%, daya serap air 18,04 % -23,46%, kerapatan 0,52 g/cm 3 -0,71 g/cm . The higher the concentration of raw materials of rattan shavings nor UF adhesive, the better quality of partcle board, included in the criteria for medium density of flat particle board. The resulted particle boards meet requirements of Indonesian National Standard for flat particle board SNI 03-2105-2006.
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