Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and progressive neurodegenerative disease. The presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated Tau tangles are considered to be the two main hallmarks of AD. Recent findings have shown that different changes in the structure and dynamics of mitochondria play an important role in AD pathology progression. Mitochondrial changes in AD are expressed as enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and changes in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, targeting mitochondria and associated mitochondrial proteins seems to be a promising alternative instead of targeting Aβ and Tau in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. The dynamin-related protein (Drp1) is one such protein that plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial division and maintenance of mitochondrial structures. Few researchers have shown that inhibition of Drp1 GTPase activity in neuronal cells rescues excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. In addition, the growing evidence revealed that Drp1 can interact with both Aβ and Tau protein in human brain tissues and mouse models. In this review, we would like to update existing knowledge about various changes in and around mitochondria related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, with particular emphasis on mitophagy and autophagy. | 1121 MEDALA Et AL.

We report a novel highly sensitive bile acids (cholic acid and deoxycholic acid) biosensor based on PVA/SC12S-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal droplets.

Low output power, intricate device designs, limitation on scalability, limited production capability, and higher fabrication cost are the major hurdles to use triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as a power source in self-powered device applications. This work reports a highperformance, simple design, and inexpensive TENG using overhead projector (OHP) sheets and ZnO nanosheet array films. The fabricated TENG produced a maximum output voltage, current, and power density of ∼292 V, ∼55 μA, and ∼424.8 mW/m 2 for each hand slapping force, respectively. The charged nature of one side of the OHP sheet is responsible for obtaining the high-power density reported in this communication. Further, the TENG has shown excellent stability over a period of 6 months and more than 10,000 test cycles. The stability of ZnO nanosheets is excellent even the after 10,000 test cycles. The TENG's AC output is utilized to control the optical characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) devices. CLC devices are demonstrated for mobile security, optical switch, webcam security, and self-powered smart windows or e-paper displays. Further, we have demonstrated self-powered electroluminescence and portable electronic devices. The current work has potential applications in portable, wearable, and self-powered electronic devices due to its high power density, simple design, minimal cost, and scalability.

Liquid crystals are defined as the fourth state of matter forming between solid and liquid states. Earlier the applications of liquid crystals were confined to electronic instruments, but recent research findings suggest multiple applications of liquid crystals in biology and medicine. Here, the purpose of this review article is to discuss the potential biological impacts of liquid crystals in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer along with the risk assessment. In this review, we also discussed the recent advances of liquid crystals in cancer biomarker detection and treatment in multiple cell line models. Cases reviewed here will demonstrate that cancer diagnostics based on the multidisciplinary technology and intriguingly utilization of liquid crystals may become an alternative to regular cancer detection methodologies. Additionally, we discussed the formidable challenges and problems in applying liquid crystal technologies. Solving these problems will require great effort and the way forward is through the multidisciplinary collaboration of physicists, biologists, chemists, material-scientists, clinicians, and engineers. The triumphant outcome of these liquid crystals and their applications in cancer research would be convenient testing for the detection of cancer and may result in treating the cancer patients non-invasively.

Developing superior and adaptable structural colors for anticounterfeiting technologies remains a challenge, despite the widespread usage of structurally colored materials in anticounterfeiting applications. We present a anticounterfeiting material, structural colored cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), in conjunction with synthesized fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs). CQDs doped with a CLC mixture display a green reflection in daylight owing to the structural chiral arrangement of CLCs and a cyan color when exposed to UV light (365 nm) due to the fluorescence emission of CQDs. A glass capillary microfluidic approach was also used to create CLC microdroplets doped with fluorescent CQDs. In daylight, the fluorescent CLC microdroplets showed center spot reflection with a green hue and photonic cross communication and fluorescent cyan emission color when exposed to UV light. CLC microdroplets with fluorescent CQDs have potential applications in smart dual-mode displays, anticounterfeit labeling, and smart decoratives.