Rodents show robust behavioral responses to odors, including strong preferences or aversions for certain odors. The neural mechanisms underlying the effects of odors on these behaviors in animals are not well understood. Here, we provide an initial proof-of-concept study into the role of the olfactory tubercle (OT), a structure with known anatomical connectivity with both brain reward and olfactory structures, in regulating odor-motivated behaviors. We implanted c57bl/6 male mice with an ipsilateral bipolar electrode into the OT to administer electric current and thereby yield gross activation of the OT. We confirmed that electrical stimulation of the OT was rewarding, with mice frequently self-administering stimulation on a fixed ratio schedule. In a separate experiment, mice were presented with either fox urine or peanut odors in a three-chamber preference test. In absence of OT stimulation, significant preference for the peanut odor chamber was observed which was abolished in the presence of OT stimulation. Perhaps providing a foundation for this modulation in behavior, we found that OT stimulation significantly increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in not only the OT, but also in forebrain structures essential to motivated behaviors, including the nucleus accumbens and lateral septum. The present results support the notion that the OT is integral to the display of motivated behavior and possesses the capacity to modulate odor hedonics either by directly altering odor processing or perhaps by indirect actions on brain reward and motivation structures.
Objectives
Although morphologic dysplasia is not typically considered a feature of CCUS, we have consistently observed low‐level bone marrow (BM) dysplasia among CCUS patients. We sought to determine whether sub‐diagnostic BM dysplasia in CCUS patients is associated with other clinico‐pathologic findings of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
Methods
We identified 49 CCUS patients, 25 with sub‐diagnostic dysplasia (CCUS‐D), and 24 having no dysplasia (CCUS‐ND). We compared the clinical, histologic, and laboratory findings of CCUS‐D and CCUS‐ND patients to 49 MDS patients, including blood cell counts, BM morphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and results of next‐generation sequencing.
Results
No statistically significant differences were observed between CCUS‐D and CCUS‐ND patients in the degree of cytopenias, BM cellularity, myeloid‐to‐erythroid ratio, or the presence of flow cytometric abnormalities. However, compared to CCUS‐ND, CCUS‐D patients exhibited increased mutations in myeloid malignancy‐associated genes, including non‐TET2/DNMT3A/ASXL1 variants, spliceosome (SF3B1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, or U2AF1) variants, and IDH2/RUNX1/CBL variants. CCUS‐D patients were also enriched for higher variant allele frequencies and co‐mutation of TET2/DNMT3A/ASXL1 with other genes.
Conclusions
CCUS‐D patients exhibit a molecular (but not clinical) profile more similar to MDS patients than CCUS‐ND, suggesting CCUS‐D may represent a more immediate precursor to MDS and may warrant closer clinical follow‐up.
increasing self-expression. MT interventions were structured to achieve these goals and included: utilizing significant songs, providing opportunities for self-expression, normalizing the experience, and providing a means for control over the environment. The efficacy of MT interventions was assessed by patients' ability to: actively participate, maintain eye contact, attend to task, and appropriately express emotions during MT sessions. Conclusion: Socio-cultural suffering is the predominant issue addressed during MT sessions with adults diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma as determined by board-certified music therapists through observational data, Figure 1. Selected examples from care plan developed for HCT survivors.
S225Abstracts / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 24 (2018) S119-S290
Conclusions: This post hoc analysis found K-M estimated Day +100 survival of 87.2% in 105 pts with neuroblastoma and VOD/SOS post-HSCT. Day +100 estimated survival was 78.4% and 93.5% in the neuroblastoma groups with and without MOD, respectively. The safety profile of the neuroblastoma group was consistent with prior defibrotide studies and analyses of the overall HSCT population in this study. Support: Jazz Pharmaceuticals.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.