Mucormycosis is a rare, rapidly progressive and often fatal fungal infection. The rarity of the condition lends itself to unfamiliarity, delayed treatment, and poor outcomes. Diagnosis of fungal infections early enough to enable appropriate treatment occurs in less than half of affected patients. A 56-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus II, hepatitis C, and intravenous drug abuse was involved in a rollover motor vehicle accident. He sustained circumferential partial and full-thickness burns to his lower extremities with 20% BSA burns. He ultimately required a below-knee amputation of his right lower extremity due to poor wound healing and nonviability of the soft tissue and foot. Debridement found muscle fibers that were necrotic and purulent. Pathology revealed Mucor species with extensive vascular invasion. This case and discussion highlights the importance of maintaining vigilance for mycotic infections and acting appropriately when there are concerning signs and symptoms of serious wound complications. Caretakers of severe trauma patients should have a high level of suspicion for complications and be cognizant of the American Burn Association's guidelines for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. Progressive necrosis outside the confines of the original burn wound should raise concern for impaired wound healing, an immunocompromised state or an underlying infection.
Obesity is a growing epidemic, yet few patients with obesity receive a clinical diagnosis of obesity or appropriate counseling. We examined the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the accurate diagnosis of obesity during ambulatory care visits. We used data from the National Hospital Ambulatory and National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (NHAMCS and NAMCS) to determine if a patient with obesity had been clinically diagnosed with obesity during the visit by either of the following: (1) a diagnosis listed in the patient's record; or (2) the provider's answer to the question "despite the diagnoses listed, does this patient have obesity?" We used multivariate models to examine the association between the accurate diagnosis of obesity and socioeconomic and demographic factors. We examined 885,291,770 weighted office visits involving individuals 5 years of age and older between 2006 and 2010. Providers were less likely to diagnose obesity at office visits involving children (5-12 years) with obesity (23.4 %) than at visits for adolescents (13-21 years; 39.7 %), young adults (22-34 years; 45.4 %), adults (35-64 years; 43.9 %) or elderly adults (≥65 years; 39.6 %; P < 0.001 for all). Individuals with obesity residing in more highly educated areas were more likely to be diagnosed than those living in less highly educated areas (44.2 vs. 40.9 %; AOR 1.4; 95 % CI 1.2-1.6). Males with obesity were less likely to be diagnosed than females with obesity (36.1 vs. 45.8 %; AOR 0.7; 95 % CI 0.6-0.8). After controlling for socioeconomic-status we did not find a consistent difference in the diagnosis of obesity by race. The diagnosis of obesity was made at less than half of all office visits involving patients with obesity. Children, adolescents, elderly, males, and those living in less educated areas were less likely to be accurately diagnosed with obesity.
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