Urinary tract infection is huge public health burden and the emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacterial pathogens increases the burden of infectious diseases in Nigeria. This study determined the current prevalence of cephalosporin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections between February 2018 and June 2018. Non-repetitive Gram–negative bacteria were recovered from 106 individuals with urinary tract infections who reported at two tertiary healthcare centers in Ekiti-State, Nigeria. A total of 106 bacterial isolates were obtained which included: Klebsiella pneumoniae 34 (29.1%), Klebsiella oxytoca 17 (16.0%), Proteus vulgaris 10 (9.4%), E. coli 24 (22.6%), Proteus mirabilis 18 (16.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (2.8%). Sixty five of these organisms showed resistance to ceftazidime while 76 organisms showed resistance to ceftriaxone. Forty representative organisms were selected and tested for presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes using primers specific for different ESBL genes. A total of eight (20.0%) organisms carried the blaCTX-M gene and other variants of the ESBL genes were not detected. The organisms carrying the blaCTX-M gene included E. coli 3 (37.5%), K. pneumoniae 1(12.5%), P. mirabilis 1(12.5%),) and K. oxytoca 3(37.5%). The high prevalence of cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative bacteria among patients with UTI is a serious threat to public health and efforts must be intensified to regulate the clinical use of the cephalosporins.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are huge health burden. This study determined the current incidence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria from patients with UTI at a health center in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty two mid-stream urine samples were collected and cultured. Sixty-four samples (52.4%) grew significant bacteria. Gram-negative bacterial colonies were picked per plate, identified and tested for susceptibility to the following antibiotics: Ertapenem (10µg), meropenem (10µg), ceftazidime (30µg), ceftriaxone (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), ampicillin (10µg), tetracycline (30µg), norfloxacin (10µg) and pefloxacin (5µg). Thirty-nine isolates were selected for extended spectrum beta-lactamase production using the double disk synergy test. All the bacteria were tested for biofilms and haemolysis. Sixty-four Gram-negative bacterial isolates were recovered from 64 samples. The bacteria recovered included K. pneumonia, K. oxytoca, P. vulgaris, E. coli, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Overall, the bacteria showed the highest resistance to ampicillin 60/64 (94.5%) and least resistance to meropenem 18/64 (28.1%). All the bacteria tested for ESBL production were confirmed as ESBL producers. Twenty-two (34.3%) isolates were strong biofilm producers while 19 isolates were haemolytic (29.7%). These findings have serious implications to medical care and public health. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be enforced.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a huge public health problem and the emergence of extended spectrum-beta-lactamase producing bacterial pathogens increases the burden of infectious diseases in Nigeria. This study determined the current prevalence of cephalosporin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections between February 2018 and June 2018. This study was aimed to determine cephalosporin resistance prevalence among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections between February 2018 and June 2018. A total number of forty representative Gram-negative bacterial isolates namely Escherichia coli (n=14), Klebsiella pneumonia (n=9), Proteus mirabilis (n=12), and Klebsiella oxytoca (n=5) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes using primers specific for blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M. The molecular evaluation indicated the presence of blaCTX-M gene in 20.0% of the tested organisms, while other ESBL genes variants were not detected. The organisms carrying the blaCTX-M gene included E. coli (n=3, 37.5%), K. pneumoniae (n=1, 12.5%), P. mirabilis (n=1, 12.5%),) and K. oxytoca (n=3, 37.5%). The presence of cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative bacteria among patients with UTI may constitute a serious threat to public health and efforts must be intensified to regulate the clinical use of the cephalosporins.
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