Many commercial processes exist for converting uranium from ore to the desired uranium compound for use in nuclear power or nuclear weapons. Accurately determining the processing history of the uranium ore concentrates (UOCs) and their calcination products, can greatly aid a nuclear forensics investigation of unknown or interdicted nuclear materials. In this study, two novel forensic signatures, based on nuclear materials synthesis, were pursued. Thermogravimetric analysis – mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) was utilized for its ability to discern UOCs based on mass changes and evolved gas species; while scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in conjunction with particle segmentation, was performed to identify microfeatures present in the calcination and reduction products (i.e. UO3, U3O8, and UO2) that are unique to the starting UOC. In total, five UOCs from common commercial processing routes including: ammonium diuranate (ADU), uranyl peroxide (UO4), sodium diuranate (SDU), uranyl hydroxide (UH), and ammonium uranyl carbonate (AUC), were synthesized from uranyl nitrate solutions. Samples of these materials were calcined in air at 400 °C and 800 °C. The 800 °C calcination product was subsequently reduced with hydrogen gas at 510 °C. The starting UOCs were investigated using TGA-MS; while SEM quantitative morphological analysis was used to identify signatures in the calcination products. Powder X-ray diffractometry (p-XRD) was used to identify the composition of each UOC and the subsequent calcination products. TGA-MS of the starting UOCs indicate temperature-dependent dehydration, volatilization, and reduction events that were unique to each material; thus making this a quantifiable signature of the initial material in the processing history. In addition, p-XRD, in conjunction with quantitative morphological analysis, was capable of discriminating calcination products of each processing history at the 99 % confidence level. Quantifying these nuclear material properties, enables nuclear forensics scientists to better identify the origin of unknown or interdicted nuclear materials.
Recently, we have been struggling to interpret a series of minor yet absurd spectacles that span the industrial and popular-cultural realms. These events have compelled our scholarly interest, but lack a ready-made frame for diagnosing their significance. Consider these examples: In the summer of 1996, vivacious TV talk-show cohost Kathie Lee Gifford was criticized by activists who linked her line of Wal-Mart clothing to human-rights abuses and wage violations among factory workers in Honduras and New York City. Tearful and contrite, Gifford quickly adopted a policy of independent monitoring and assigned her husband, celebrity sports-announcer Frank Gifford, to deliver envelopes of compensation for the affected workers. Relatedly, in the fall of 1997, Dilbert cartoonist Scott Adams-famed for his satire of corporate foibles-disguised himself as a management consultant. With the help of a company official, he conducted an executive retreat in a computer firm that produced a tortured "revision" of its mission statement. Additional examples appear in the flickerings of our TV screens: the lithe, androgynous figures of Intel's technicians, clad in hooded, colorful "clean room" suits, energetically installing computer chips to a soundtrack of 1970s funk; and quasi-documentary images of rolling golf carts, filled with visitors to the Saturn car plant in Spring Hill, Tennessee, watching assembly workers at their tasks-and being watched in return.Collectively, these examples indicate a type of social drama in which the organization of work is aestheticized and commodified for consumption. We do not argue that this discourse is novel. Each of these events may be classified among the familiar genres of modern commerce: publicity, promotion, advertising, marketing and public relations. Nor do we argue that these genres are neglected by communication scholars: Sustained interest in organizational rhetoric and media criticism suggests the opposite. We do believe, however, that analysis of such events might benefit from the tentative integration of two communication fields traditionally regarded as distinct: those of organizational commtlnica-
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