Social equity is a core goal of water resources management and policy. Equity and sustainability are deeply interrelated and should be considered together to create fair, sustainable futures (Hicks et al., 2016;Leach et al., 2018). Yet, addressing equity within water resources management remains challenging. In approaches such as integrated water resources management, equity is typically vaguely defined, which hinders an understanding of equitable water practices at different social, spatial, and temporal scales (Wegerich, 2007;Wolf, 1999). In addition, an emphasis on efficient water use often overshadows analyses of how exclusion and marginalization based on the intersection of race, sex, class, and other identities lead to inequitable water outcomes (Allouche, 2020). Conventional water resources planning practices often lack

This article examines access to an economically important forest product (Brazil nuts) and its relationship with livelihood strategies in the Cazumbá–Iracema Extractive Reserve (CIER), Acre, Brazil. The objective is twofold: (i) to clarify how social mechanisms regulating access to Brazil nuts operate and (ii) to analyse the relationship between differential access to Brazil nuts and livelihood diversification in terms of cash income. For this, we conducted 55 semi-structured interviews with household heads in three rubber tapper (seringueiro) communities. Our findings indicate that Brazil nuts are important to seringueiro livelihoods, although both access to Brazil nuts and livelihood strategies are highly variable between households and communities. Limited access to Brazil nuts is partly overcome through informal arrangements and investment in wage labour, swidden agriculture, and cattle raising, as part of highly diversified livelihood portfolios. However, restrictions to agriculture and cattle raising generate considerable tensions between many seringueiros and environmental managers. We highlight the importance of viewing livelihood diversification and adaptability as important components of the long-term viability of the extractive reserve model, particularly in the context of the growing uncertainties and risks associated with accelerating climate and socio-environmental change as well as amidst ongoing political dynamics in Brazil.

Abstract:This study reports an extension of 275 km to the known distribution of the understory palm Prestoea pubens var. pubens. Originally recorded from the Gorgona and Gorgonilla islands and along the Pacific coast of Colombia, the new record is from a Tropical Montane Cloud Forest in Caquetá, which is located on the eastern slopes of the East Colombian Andes. This new record makes the species trans-Andean, showing a disjunctive distribution that also occurs with other understory palms such as Aiphanes simplex, Chamaedorea pygmaea and P. ensiformis.

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