No abstract
This crisis that our society faced, due to the pandemic COVID-19, had implications not only in the social relationship of human beings, but also in terms of the School and families with school children and young people. From the outset, the School had to quickly devise an intervention plan that would prove effective with regard to the learning of its students. On the other hand, families also had to replan their lives so that, at home, they could collaborate with the School in supporting children and young people in dealing with everything that was asked for them exclusively through Technology. Teachers with less training in the field of Educational Technology, had to, in record time, modify their entire methodological intervention plan with their students, using a wide range of technological instruments, always aiming at learning of these, using technologies, and the use of digital platforms appears more quickly and instantly in a more consistent and permanent way, with a view to responding to the consequences that this pandemic has placed on the school community.The questionnaire was distributed using the Google Forms platform between 14 and 31 May 2020. The representative sample of the study subjects is composed of 536 questionnaires answered and validated, which taking into account the universe of teachers in Portugal, represents an actual assumed error of 4.23%.
Collaborative software development typically involves the use of branches. The changes made in different branches are usually merged, and direct and indirect conflicts may arise. Some studies are concerned with investigating ways to deal with merge conflicts and measuring the effort that this activity may require. However, the investigation of factors that may reduce the occurrence of conflicts needs more and deeper attention. This paper aims at identifying and analyzing attributes of past merges with and without conflicts to understand what may induce direct conflicts. We analyzed 182,273 merge scenarios from 80 projects written in eight different programming languages to find characteristics that increase the chances of a merge to have a conflict. We found that attributes such as the number of changed files, the number of commits, the number of changed lines, and the number of committers demonstrated to have the strongest influence in the occurrence of merge conflicts. Moreover, attributes in the branch that is being integrated seem to be more influential than the same attributes in the receiving branch. Additionally, we discovered positive correlations between the occurrence of conflicts and both the duration of the branch and the intersection of developers in both branches. Finally, we observed that PHP, JavaScript, and Java are more prone to conflicts.
The Coronavirus advance is forcing schools and universities to revise their teaching methodologies. With the closure of the institutions, thousands of teachers and millions of students will have to find new ways of teaching and learning overnight, which will be a huge challenge. We cannot expect everyone to suddenly adapt to these new times. We are aware of the numerous Internet connection problems, but it is a great time to reinvent ourselves and build the courage to test the use of technological tools already available to structure alternatives in the distance education format. Thinking outside the box can help mitigate the momentary problem, as well as collaborate to strengthen digital culture and move towards a new education.The good news is that many teachers have been putting aside prejudices and are being resilient, seeking to understand the potential of available resources, not shying away from seeking and implementing technological solutions that before the virus were seen as secondary and have now become standard tools to teach synchronous and asynchronous classes, share content, correct assignments, answer questions and exchange knowledge. In the beginning, many activities that were previously carried out exclusively in person took a longer time when they started to be performed online. But as the virtual became the new real, students became more engaged and plunged headlong into relevant online learning experiences. Through applications and software, classes continued according to the school calendar.This study aimed to understand how teachers adapted to digital resources to face the limitations caused by the pandemic. It also intends to understand the impact of digital resources on the quality of teaching, as well as on motivation and academic success.
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