SummarySchistosomiasis is a parasitic and endemic disease in several parts of the world. Its mortality rate reaches alarming proportions, which makes emergency the control of this disease. In Brazil, only the species Schistosoma mansoni was adapted to the climatic conditions and to the presence of appropriate hosts. This species shows a life cycle involving mollusks Biomphalaria spp. and humans. However, it has been shown that wild rodents with semi-aquatic habits are capable to establish a productive infection of this parasite. In addition, they are likely also to be capable to spread the disease in endemic areas. Due to the selective pressure exerted by the successive infections in these animals, we may be watching the development of a new strain of the parasite, which is not yet fully defi ned and understood. With the intention of directing new studies to this problem, we tried to establish main lines of research to demonstrate the real importance of these wild rodents in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.
Este estudo se trata do primeiro levantamento malacológico de água doce e de larvas de trematódeos associadas, sem restrição, somente às espécies transmissoras da esquistossomose na região metropolitana da ilha do Maranhão. Dessa forma, objetivou-se caracterizar a diversidade de moluscos límnicos e de sua helmintofauna em ambientes com aspectos ecológicos variados. Os espécimes de gastrópodes foram coletados mensalmente no município de São Luís (MA), entre o período de novembro de 2014 a junho de 2015, em quatro pontos de coleta (P1 – lêntico e impactado, P2- lótico e impactado, P3 – lótico e alterado, P4 – lótico e conservado). Para cada local foram registrados o pH e Oxigênio Dissolvido, além de análise de Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli. Foi coletado um total de 4112 moluscos límnicos, classificados como se segue: Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (62,86%), B. straminea Dunker, 1848 (24,71%), Pomacea sp. Perry, 1810 (7,91%), Physa sp. Draparnaud, 1801 (3,41%) e Drepanotrema sp. Crosse & Fischer, 1880 (1,11%). Destes, B. glabrata apresentou-se positivo para cercárias de Schistosoma mansoni e exemplares de Physa sp. e Pomacea sp. estavam infectados com xifidiocercárias. Houve correlação positiva e significativa em relação à pluviometria e a quantidade de moluscos (p<0,05). A maior abundância de espécimes foi registrada em áreas impactadas, bem como maior grau de parasitismo. A ocorrência de xifidiocercária representa o primeiro relato para a região metropolitana da ilha do Maranhão.
Introduction: The use of a high-flow nasal cannula as an alternative treatment for acute respiratory failure can reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and the duration of hospital stays. Objective: The present study aimed to describe the use of a high-flow nasal cannula in pediatric asthmatic patients with acute respiratory failure and suspected COVID-19. Methods: To carry out this research, data were collected from medical records, including three patients with asthma diagnoses. The variables studied were: personal data (name, age in months, sex, weight, and color), clinical data (physical examination, PRAM score, respiratory rate, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation), diagnosis, history of the current disease, chest, and laboratory radiography (arterial blood gases and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). Clinical data were compared before and after using a high-flow nasal cannula. Results: After the application of the therapy, a gradual improvement in heart, respiratory rate, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and the Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure score was observed. Conclusion: The simple and quick use of a high-flow nasal cannula in pediatric patients with asthma can be safe and efficient in improving their respiratory condition and reducing the need for intubation.
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic, systemic disorder characterized by generalized dysfunction of exocrine glands, with chronic progressive evolution. The Thoracic-Abdominal Rebalancing (TAR) aims to encourage ventilation and promote the removal of pulmonary secretions. Objective: To evaluate the influence of TAR on cardiorespiratory parameters in CF patients. Method: This is an exploratory retrospective study of case series, which involved eight patients with CF, of both sexes, aged 3-24 years, who underwent TAR. Records of information was extracted on the identification, age, gender, time of diagnosis and general clinical status, as well as the data of the cardiorespiratory parameters: Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (FR), blood pressure (BP) and Saturation peripheral oxygen (SpO2), before and after each service. To compare the values, we used the parametric Student t test for paired samples, with statistical significance level of p = 0.05. Results: Male gender was prevalent in 62.5% of the sample analyzed. The mean age was 12.12 ± 7.20 years. The median time to diagnosis was around 10.11 ± 5.48 years. Comparing the total average values, verified a decrease of BP and HR variables after the completion of the TAR. However, no statistically significant difference, since there was obtained, respectively, p = 0.097 / p = 0.062. However, the RR showed a significant decrease (p = 0.012) and SpO2 (p = 0.030), which showed an increase after the implementation of the method. Conclusion: The TAR may influence the cardiorespiratory variables in CF patients, is showing to be a safe technique and of great importance in the treatment of these patients.
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