A esquizofrenia é uma psicose crônica, debilitante, de origem multifatorial, que apresenta em sua fisiopatologia pelo menos três mecanismos conhecidos: a desregulação dopaminérgica, a perturbação da neurotransmissão glutamatérgica e GABAérgica e o estado pró-inflamatório do cérebro. Existem diferenças marcantes entre os gêneros na esquizofrenia, e muitos autores afirmam que os hormônios sexuais podem influenciar o curso e os sintomas da doença, modulando a sua gravidade. Os neuroesteroides são neuro-hormônios que têm a capacidade de modular a expressão de subunidades de receptores GABAérgicos subtipo A e N-metil D-aspartato, desempenhando um papel crucial na fisiopatologia de vários transtornos psiquiátricos. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o quanto os neuroesteroides podem influenciar na fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia em mulheres, através de uma revisão de literatura onde foram incluídos estudos pré-clínicos, clínicos e moleculares que investigaram os efeitos do estrogênio e da progesterona na modulação e proteção do sistema nervoso central (SNC), discutindo a sua função como possíveis adjuvantes terapêuticos no tratamento da esquizofrenia.
The objective of this work was to investigate the reproductive health profile of 106 women admitted to a Psychosocial Support Center (CAPS), in Aracaju, Brazil, and to assess the need for targeted family planning (FP). Methods: They were divided into two groups based on their diagnosis (schizophrenia and mood disorders). The data were obtained from medical records and applying a reproductive health questionnaire. Results: In the group of patients with schizophrenia: 26.4% were single, 33% had an active sex life, 13.2% used contraceptive methods and 35.5% used it incorrectly. In the group of patients with mood disorder: 23.6% were single, 32.1% had an active sex life, 16.0% used contraceptive methods and 41.9% used it incorrectly. 75.5% of them had children and none participated in an FP program. Those who had underage children and were unable to care for them corresponded to 41.5% in the group of patients with schizophrenia and 32.1% in the group of patients with mood disorder. Conclusion: The reproductive health profiles were similar despite different psychiatric diagnoses. This suggests that if there was only one effective FP action plan, it would reach this entire population and reduce the damage of neglect.
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