We report a rare case of a 61-year-old homeless man with a 15-year history of multiple trichilemmal cysts that served as a forerunner for the emergence of a malignant proliferating pilar tumour. The patient presented multiple, large, purulent, ulcerated lesions ranging from 10 to 150 mm in diameter, covering most of the scalp, with large areas superimposed by extensive myiasis infestation. The patient presented with no other major clinical findings. A CT scan showed no detectable signs of local or distant metastatic invasion. Initial supportive treatment was implemented. Given the extent of the injury, further surgical excision was considered, which required transfer to a specialised surgical centre. This social case is of educational value, as it can raise clinician awareness about the ability of trichilemmal cysts to undergo malignant transformation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of adequate social assistance structures for patients in need.

A 35-year-old male presented with an extremely itchy exanthem after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. 1 A single oval erythematous lesion appeared on the thigh after the first dose (a) and progressed insidiously to a papulosquamous rash on the trunk and proximal extremities (b). After the second dose, it notably flared up (c). Serological evaluation for human herpesvirus reactivation was negative. Pityriasis rosealike eruption was diagnosed. 2 Antihistamines and topical betamethasone were initiated, with clinical improvement after 2 weeks. Considering that immunization programmes are being conducted worldwide, it is important to increase awareness within the medical community, so that appropriate management be provided.

Caroli's disease is a very rare congenital malformation, currently included in cystic diseases of the biliary tract, and is characterized by ectasia and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Two clinical entities can be distinguished, Caroli's disease in which congenital hepatic impairment is limited to cystic dilatation and Caroli's syndrome in which congenital hepatic fibrosis coexists. We present two cases of atypical presentations of Caroli's disease. Case one was a 76-year-old man who was referred to our hospital for chronic non-remitting epigastric pain prior to diagnosis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed, which revealed findings consistent with Caroli’s disease. Laboratory investigation disclosed a raised α-fetoprotein. Left hepatectomy was performed due to suspected cholangiocarcinoma. Morphological findings were compatible with Caroli’s disease and no evidence of malignancy was found. Case two was a 47-year-old man who presented with chronic epigastric pain and generalized abdominal discomfort. MRCP revealed findings compatible with Caroli’s disease. The patient was discharged with ursodeoxycholic acid treatment and was later admitted twice due to inaugural episodes of cholangitis that were medically managed. Bisegmentectomies II and III were performed for suspected neoplasia after a gradual rise in α-fetoprotein and CA19-9 values were noted during follow-up. The surgical specimen confirmed Caroli’s disease and there was no evidence of malignancy. Postoperative periods for both patients were favorable, and they remain asymptomatic and well to date.

A 71-year-old woman presented with constitutional signs and lower extremity palpable purpura after being prescribed a four-day course of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin two times daily for a gastrointestinal infection. She was admitted for inpatient treatment. During the third hospital day, she presented with an episode of abundant hematemesis while her skin lesions remained unchanged. Upper endoscopy revealed multiple lesions consistent with vasculitis and histological examination of the skin biopsy disclosed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was successfully treated with prednisone following ciprofloxacin discontinuation. Complete resolution of the lesions on drug withdrawal strongly suggested drug toxicity, which was further supported by a score of 8 in the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. Awareness that the development of skin and gastrointestinal lesions following administration of ciprofloxacin may be a manifestation of ciprofloxacin-induced vasculitis can help early detection, treatment, and lead to an overall good prognosis.