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OBJECTIVES: To test if the use of an inspiratory muscle training program with an electronic resistive loading device is associated with benefits as to muscle strength, weaning, and survival in the ICU. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTINGS: Study conducted at the ICU of a Navy’s hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January 2016 to September 2018. PATIENTS: Tracheostomized patients (18–86 yr) on prolonged weaning. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were assigned to inspiratory muscle training (intervention group) or a traditional T-piece protocol (control group). In the inspiratory muscle training group, participants underwent training with an electronic inspiratory training device (POWERbreathe K-5; Technologies Ltd, Birmingham, United Kingdom). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Changes in respiratory muscle strength and rates of ICU survival and weaning success were compared between groups. Forty-eight participants in the inspiratory muscle training group and 53 ones in the control group were included in the final analysis. The inspiratory muscle training was associated with a substantially higher gain on muscle strength as assessed by the maximal inspiratory pressure (70.5 [51.0–82.5] vs –48.0 cm H2O [36.0–72.0 cm H2O]; p = 0.003) and the timed inspiratory effort index (1.56 [1.25–2.08] vs 0.99 cm H2O/s [0.65–1.71 cm H2O/s]; p = 0.001). Outcomes at the 60th day of ICU were significantly better in the intervention group regarding both survival (71.1% vs 48.9%; p = 0.030) and weaning success (74.8% vs 44.5%; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of an inspiratory muscle training program with an electronic resistive loading device was associated with substantial muscle strength gain and positive impacts in two very relevant clinical outcomes: the rates of ICU survival and successful weaning.

Introduction Noninvasive ventilation is a safe and eff ective method to treat acute respiratory failure, minimizing the respiratory workload and oxygenation. Few studies compare the effi cacy of diff erent types of noninvasive ventilation interfaces and their adaptation. Objective To identify the most frequently noninvasive ventilation interfaces used and eventual problems related to their adaptation in critically ill patients. Methods We conducted an observational study, with patients older than 18 years old admitted to the intensive care and step-down units of the Albert Einstein Jewish Hospital that used noninvasive ventilation. We collected data such as reason to use noninvasive ventilation, interface used, scheme of noninvasive ventilation used (continuously, periods or nocturnal use), adaptation, and reasons for nonadaptation. Results We evaluated 245 patients with a median age of 82 years (range of 20 to 107 years). Acute respiratory failure was the most frequent cause of noninvasive ventilation used (71.3%), followed by pulmonary expansion (10.24%), after mechanical ventilation weaning (6.14%) and sleep obstructive apnea (8.6%). The most frequently used interface was total face masks (74.7%), followed by facial masks in 24.5% of the patients, and 0.8% used performax masks. The use of noninvasive ventilation for periods (82.4%) was the most common scheme of use, with 10.6% using it continuously and 6.9% during the nocturnal period only. Interface adaptation occurred in 76% of the patients; the 24% that did not adapt had their interface changed to improve adaptation afterwards. The total face mask had 75.5% of interface adaptation, the facial mask had 80% and no adaptation occurred in patients that used the performax mask. The face format was the most frequent cause of nonadaptation in 30.5% of the patients, followed by patient's related discomfort (28.8%), air leaking (27.7%), claustrophobia (18.6%), noncollaborative patient (10.1%), patient agitation (6.7%), facial trauma or lesion (1.7%), type of mask fi xation (1.7%), and 1.7% patients with other causes. Conclusion Acute respiratory failure was the most frequent reason for noninvasive ventilation use, with the total face mask being the most frequent interface used. The most common causes of interface nonadaptation were face format, patient-related discomfort and air leaking, showing improvement of adaptation after changing the interface used. P2 Exercise training reduces oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of septic rats

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to an increasing number of patients in the intensive care units (ICU). The size of this post-ICU cohort will be unprecedented, with many patients vulnerable to post-intensive care syndrome. We analysed the respiratory and functional effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on functional performance, in patients hospitalized in ICU due to COVID-19.We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial. Ninety-six patients, who fulfilled the eligible criteria, were randomized into control or intervention group. The control group received standard of care in the ICU, and the intervention group received a functional and respiratory rehabilitation protocol, that included medical, nursing, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy interventions.At discharge, the intervention group showed significantly better muscular strength and respiratory capacity, and significantly less days of hospitalization (12.90±5.8versus15.60±6.7 days, p=0.037). At the 4- and 12-week follow-up we applied our main outcome measure – 6-minute walking test. The intervention group had significantly better results than the control group on the 6-minute walking test at the 4-week follow-up (604±67versus571±57 m, p=0.018) and at the 12-week follow-up (639±53 37versus611±67, p=0.025).These results support the role of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in ICU and adds evidence that the implementation of rehabilitation programs in ICU could result in beneficial outcomes for the critical ill patients.

The IWI was the independent variable found in weaning of elderly subjects that may contribute to the critical moment of this population in intensive care.