This paper explores the mathematical and algorithmic properties of two sample-based texture models: random phase noise (RPN) and asymptotic discrete spot noise (ADSN). These models permit to synthesize random phase textures. They arguably derive from linearized versions of two early Julesz texture discrimination theories. The ensuing mathematical analysis shows that, contrarily to some statements in the literature, RPN and ADSN are different stochastic processes. Nevertheless, numerous experiments also suggest that the textures obtained by these algorithms from identical samples are perceptually similar. The relevance of this study is enhanced by three technical contributions providing solutions to obstacles that prevented the use of RPN or ADSN to emulate textures. First, RPN and ADSN algorithms are extended to color images. Second, a preprocessing is proposed to avoid artifacts due to the nonperiodicity of real-world texture samples. Finally, the method is extended to synthesize textures with arbitrary size from a given sample.
The covariogram of a measurable set A ⊂ R d is the function g A which to each y ∈ R d associates the Lebesgue measure of A ∩ (y + A). This paper proves two formulas. The first equates the directional derivatives at the origin of g A to the directional variations of A. The second equates the average directional derivative at the origin of g A to the perimeter of A. These formulas, previously known with restrictions, are proved for any measurable set. As a by-product, it is proved that the covariogram of a set A is Lipschitz if and only if A has finite perimeter, the Lipschitz constant being half the maximal directional variation. The two formulas have counterparts for mean covariogram of random sets. They also permit to compute the expected perimeter per unit volume of any stationary random closed set. As an illustration, the expected perimeter per unit volume of stationary Boolean models having any grain distribution is computed.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (1) Gauss. tex. (2) Proc. noise Figure 1: We present Gabor noise by example, a method to estimate the parameters of bandwidth-quantized Gabor noise, a procedural noise function that can generate noise with an arbitrary power spectrum, from exemplar Gaussian textures, a class of textures that is completely characterized by their power spectrum. (row 1) Gaussian texture. (row 2) Procedural noise. (insets) Estimated power spectrum.
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