This study analyzes the environmental performance of the Municipal Solid Waste Management System (MSWMS) of Piedade, São Paulo, from a systemic perspective. A life cycle assessment (LCA) technique was applied according to an attributional approach to evaluate both the current operational situation and different prospective scenarios, which were devised based on the application of targets for recycling dry and wet waste suggested by the pre-draft version of the Brazilian Plan for Solid Waste. The life cycle impact assessment method EcoIndicator 99, in association with normalization and weighting procedures, was used to conduct the analysis. It was observed that the adoption of goals of 30%, 50% and 70% for recovering of the recyclable dry waste, resulted in improvement of the environmental performance of the waste management system under analysis, respectively of 10%, 15% and 20%. It was also possible to detect an evolution in the order of 54% in reducing impacts resulting from the adoption of targets for composting. LCA proved to be effective for the evaluation of the environmental performance of MSWMS-Piedade. However, for future evaluations, the attributional approach should be replaced by the methodological practice of substitution to enable the avoided burdens to be considered in estimations of the environmental performance municipal solid waste management systems.
A educação ambiental é parte do processo de educação no qual se constroemvalores voltados para a conservação do meio ambiente, contribuindo para ocombate à crise ambiental. A avaliação do ciclo de vida estima os potenciaisimpactos ambientais gerados durante todo o ciclo de vida de uma atividade.Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os potenciais impactos ambientais produzidospor um programa de educação ambiental pela visão do ciclo de vida e proporuma metodologia tanto para inserção desse conceito em atividades deeducação ambiental como de avaliação do desempenho ambiental de outrosprogramas educativos. A partir do uso do programa computacional SimaPro7.3.0, o cenário de destino final de resíduos representou 67,1% dos impactosambientais totais, a maior parte devido ao transporte de resíduos orgânicosao aterro sanitário, seguido de outras atividades envolvendo logística.Encontra-se na compostagem desse tipo de resíduo a redução de até 37% deimpactos em relação ao cenário original.
The expansion and maintenance of electricity distribution networks generates large amounts of waste, much of it in the form of discarded insulators that are not reused or recycled. This paper describes the results of tests on used and new ceramic and polymeric insulators to verify if their exposure to weathering justifies their replacement. In new and used ceramic insulators, properties such as contact angle, relative density, porosimetry, dilatometry and X-ray diffraction patterns showed no differences or the differences that were found could not be related to their use. The discarded ceramic material showed high thermal stability, an interesting characteristic for application as chamotte. It can also be reused to replace gravel used in substations. In polymeric insulators, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and relative density test results suggest degradation of used material compared to new. This would justify their replacement and discard as waste, but they show little recycling potential.
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