This paper presents the development of an on-board bidirectional battery charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) targeting Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technologies. During the G2V operation mode the batteries are charged from the power grid with sinusoidal current and unitary power factor. During the V2G operation mode the energy stored in the batteries can be delivered back to the power grid contributing to the power system stability. In the V2H operation mode the energy stored in the batteries can be used to supply home loads during power outages, or to supply loads in places without connection to the power grid. Along the paper the hardware topology of the bidirectional battery charger is presented and the control algorithms are explained. Some considerations about the sizing of the AC side passive filter are taken into account in order to improve the performance in the three operation modes. The adopted topology and control algorithms are accessed through computer simulations and validated by experimental results achieved with a developed laboratory prototype operating in the different scenarios.

This paper presents a comprehensive study about a Simplified Rail Power Conditioner (SRPC) based on a half-bridge indirect AC/DC/AC Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and a V/V traction power transformer. The proposed system with a half-bridge MMC can decrease the costs, reduce the control complexity, and require less hardware devices in comparison with the rail power conditioner based on a full-bridge indirect AC/DC/AC MMC. Moreover, the SRPC with a half-bridge MMC is able to compensate current harmonics, reactive power, and the Negative Sequence Components (NSCs) of currents, which are caused by the unbalance loads between power grid phases. This paper explains the system architecture and its control algorithms based on a pulse-width modulation and a proportional-integral controller, which is used to control the compensation currents. The simulation results of the SRPC show the submodule voltage balancing control and the DC-bus voltage control in order to verify its effectiveness. The compensation strategy based on the NSCs detection is described and evaluated through simulation results.

This paper presents experimental results of the electric vehicle (EV) operation as an off-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Besides the traditional grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes, this paper presents an improved vehicle-to-home (iV2H) operation mode. This new operation mode consists in the detection of a power outage in the power grid and the change of the EV battery charger control to operate as an off-line UPS. When the power grid voltage is restored, the voltage produced by the on-board EV battery charger is slowly synchronized with the power grid voltage before a complete transition to the normal mode. This paper presents results of two algorithms to detect a power outage: the rms calculation method based on half-cycle of the power grid voltage, and the rms estimation based on a Kalman filter. The experimental results were obtained in steady and transient state considering two cases with the EV plugged in at home: when charging the batteries, and without charging the batteries. The paper describes the EV battery charger, the power outage detection methods and the voltage and current control strategies. Index Terms-Electric vehicle, Kalman filter, improved vehicle-to-home (iV2H), Off-line UPS.

Batteries of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have a large potential not only to provide energy for the locomotion of these vehicles, but also to interact, in dynamic way, with the power grid. Thereby, through the energy stored in the batteries, these vehicles can be used to regulate the active and the reactive power, as local Energy Storage Systems. This way, EVs can contribute to help the power grid to regulate the active and reactive power flow in order to stabilize the production and consumption of energy. For this propose should be defined usage profiles, controlled by a collaborative broker, taking into account the requirements of the power grid and the conveniences of the vehicle user. Besides, the interface between the power grid and the EVs, instead of using typical power converters that only work on unidirectional mode, need to use bidirectional power converters to charge the batteries (G2V-Grid-to-Vehicle mode) and to deliver part of the stored energy in the batteries back to the power grid (V2G-Vehicle-to-Grid mode). With the bidirectional power converter topology presented in this paper, the consumed current is sinusoidal and it is possible to regulate the power factor to control the reactive power, aiming to contribute to mitigate power quality problems in the power grid. To assess the behavior of the presented bidirectional power converter under different scenarios, are presented some computer simulations and experimental results obtained with a prototype that was developed to be integrated in an Electric Vehicle. I.

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This paper proposes an on-board Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charger with enhanced Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) operation mode. For such purpose was adapted an on-board bidirectional battery charger prototype to allow the Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and V2H operation modes. Along the paper are presented the hardware topology and the control algorithms of this battery charger. The idea underlying to this paper is the operation of the on-board bidirectional battery charger as an energy backup system when occurs a power outages. For detecting the power outage were compared two strategies, one based on the half-cycle rms calculation of the power grid voltage, and another in the determination of the rms value based in a Kalman filter. The experimental results were obtained considering the on-board EV battery charger under the G2V, V2G, and V2H operation modes. The results show that the power outage detection is faster using a Kalman filter, up to 90% than the other strategy. This also enables a faster transition between operation modes when a power outage occurs.

This paper presents the comparison between two three-phase Shunt Active Power Filters (SAPFs), one with Current-Source Inverter (CSI) and the other with Voltage-Source Inverter (VSI), which are used to compensate current harmonics and to control reactive power. The control algorithm of both SAPFs is based on the Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (p-q Theory). The comparison here presented focuses on the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and RMS values of the compensated currents, and in the Total Power Factor (TPF) of the installation.

This paper proposes a smart battery charging strategy for Electric Vehicles (EVs) targeting the future smart homes. The proposed strategy consists in regulate the EV battery charging current in function of the total home current, aiming to prevent overcurrent trips in the main switch breaker. Computational and experimental results were obtained under real-time conditions to validate the proposed strategy. For such purpose was adapted a bidirectional EV battery charger prototype to operate in accordance with the aforementioned strategy. The proposed strategy was validated through experimental results obtained both in steady and transient states. The results show the correct operation of the EV battery charger even under heavy load variations.