RESUMO A cultura da pereira (Pyrus communis) possui grande potencial de expansão no sul do Brasil devido às condições climáticas e solo. A carência de informações a respeito da(s) melhor(es) combinação(ões) de cultivares copa de pereira europeia e portaenxertos, quanto ao aspecto vegetativo e potencial produtivo, tem limitado o cultivo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a infl uência
-Graft incompatibility is one of the main factors limiting european pear production in Brazil. At present, there is no clear indication of the best combination(s) of european pear cultivars and quince rootstocks for graft compatibility. The study evaluated the graft compatibility for combinations of european Abbè Fetel, Rocha and Williams pear cultivars grafted onto the EMC quince rootstock. The experiment was performed in a commercial european pear orchard in the Urupema municipality, in State of Santa Catarina, during the 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14 growing seasons. The plant growth variables comprised the section increment (mm) in the trunk diameter in the graft union region of cultivars and rootstocks; difference in the diameter of the graft for cultivars and rootstocks; "translocated" incompatibility; "located" incompatibility and the vascular connection in the graft union region, which was assessed by immersing the bases of the plants in a 0.08% succinic acid solution. There were "located" and "translocated" incompatibility between the european Williams pear cultivar and the EMC rootstock based on the vascular discontinuity in the graft union region, which prevented the translocation of succinic acid stain. Thus, the Williams/EMC combination is considered incompatible and it is not recommended for use in commercial orchards. The Rocha/EMC and Abbè Fetel/EMC are considered partially incompatible combinations and showed good development eight years after planting. Index Terms: compatibility level; located incompatibility; translocated incompatibility; Pyrus communis L.; vascular union; vigor. COMPATIBILIDADE DE ENXERTIA ENTRE CULTIVARES DE PEREIRAS EUROPEIAS E PORTAENXERTOS DE MARMELEIRO EAST MALLING "C"RESUMO -A incompatibilidade de enxertia é um dos principais fatores limitantes da produção de peras no Brasil. Até o presente, não há uma indicação da melhor combinação de cultivares de pereiras-europeias e porta-enxertos de marmeleiros com compatibilidade de enxertia. O estudo avaliou a compatibilidade de enxertia entre as combinações de pereiras europeias Abbè Fetel, Rocha e Williams enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto de marmeleiro EMC. O experimento foi conduzido em pomar comercial de pereira-europeia no município de Urupema, estado de Santa Catarina, durante as estações de crescimento de 2011/2012, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. As variáveis de crescimento de plantas foram: o incremento do diâmetro do tronco na região de união do enxerto entre as cultivares e o porta-enxerto (mm); diferença de diâmetro do enxerto das cultivares e do porta-enxerto, incompatibilidade "translocada", incompatibilidade "localizada" e a conexão vascular na região da enxertia, o qual foi determinada por meio de imersão da base da planta em solução com ácido succínico a 0,08%. Houve incompatibilidade localizada e translocada entre a cultivar de pereira-europeia Williams e o porta-enxerto EMC, baseado na descontinuidade vascular na região de união do enxerto, o qual impediu a translocação do ácido succínico. A combinação Williams...
BACKGROUND: It is important to increase productivity and improve plant quality at the same time as preserving the principles of safety and productivity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of sodium metasilicate and calcium chloride, applied as fertilizers, on the productivity and phytochemical characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and their respective wines. RESULTS:The experiments were conducted using 2017 and 2018 vintages of commercial Sauvignon Blanc grapes. The treatments consisted of applying separately different concentrations of sodium metasilicate (0, 4, 8 and 12 g L −1 ) or calcium chloride (0, 5, 10 and 15 g L −1 ). The treatments were carried out during four phenological phases. The grapes were harvested at technical maturity and white wines were elaborated. The application of inorganic salts, silicon and calcium to the grapes had a significant effect on the vineyard productivity. The best results were obtained with 4 and 8 g L −1 silicon and 15 g L −1 calcium. An increase in the concentration of phenolics in the grapes was noted. These compounds have antioxidant capacity, which is one of the factors responsible for the resistance of the grapes to pathogens. CONCLUSION: The application of 4 and 8 g L −1 silicon and 15 g L −1 calcium to the grapes represents a potential alternative fertilizing strategy, which could increase the plant yield without damaging the phytochemical characteristics of the fruit and its derivatives.
The dairy industry is renowned worldwide for its high level of technological development, which can be noted through the wide variety of derived products on the market aimed at specific consumer groups. Among the fermented milks, yogurt is the most widely consumed (Vénica, Wolf, Suárez, Bergamini, & Perotti, 2018) and innovations in this product have motivated investigations (El-Shafei, Sakr, & Abou-Soliman, 2020; Khaledabad, Ghasempour, Moghaddas Kia, Rezazad Bari, & Zarrin, 2020), including the production of lactose-free yogurts supplemented with bioactive compounds. Although partial hydrolysis of lactose occurs during the fermentation of yogurt, significant amounts of this disaccharide still remain intact. Thus, for individuals with lactose intolerance, it is necessary to complete hydrolysis by use of exogenous lactase (Moreira et al., 2017). Lactose intolerance occurs due to the body's inability to digest this
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