O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de caracteres dos frutos de jabuticabeira (Plinia cauliflora) sobre o rendimento de polpa e o teor de antocianinas na casca. Foram coletados frutos de 36 jabuticabeiras, em cinco locais de ocorrência, na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Diferentes estratégias de análise de trilha foram utilizadas na avaliação dos seguintes caracteres dos frutos: peso e diâmetro; rendimento de polpa; percentual de sementes e casca; teores de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, antocianinas e flavonoides; e número de sementes por fruto. A estratégia de análise de trilha com regressão em crista teve melhor desempenho que a de análise com exclusão de caracteres, principalmente sob presença de multicolinearidade severa no conjunto de dados. O percentual de polpa e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais podem servir de critérios de seleção indireta no aumento do teor de antocianinas na casca da jabuticaba. O percentual de casca é a principal característica com efeito determinante no percentual de polpa de jabuticabas, e a seleção indireta para frutos com menor quantidade de casca pode ser eficaz para aumentar o rendimento de polpa.
The objective of this research was to determine the proximate composition and kinetics drying of sweet pine nuts compared to typical pine nuts of Araucaria angustifolia. This study is based on the proximate components, color, and duration of pine nuts drying of both types, and the influence of temperature and cutting geometry on the dehydration process. Sweet pine nuts had lower calorific value and carbohydrate content, but higher lipid, dietary fiber, protein, and ash contents when compared to typical pine nuts. Color of sweet pine nuts is light pink whereas the typical pine nut is yellowish-white. Sweet pine nuts were also softer. Drying kinetics of the seeds fit well into the logistic and Thompson models. To accelerate drying rates, we recommend slicing pine nuts into thin cross-sections and drying them at temperatures of 60 °C for typical pine nuts and 70 °C for sweet pine nuts.
We aimed to verify the morphophysiological changes in jaboticaba tree (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) saplings under shade gradient to improve knowledge on the appropriate light environmental conditions for the saplings production and field homogeneous or intercropping cultivation of this species. The saplings were grown under full sun and artificial shade levels (30%, 50%, and 80%). Growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf anatomy characters were evaluated. Our results showed that jaboticaba tree saplings growth was improved under full sun and 30% of shade. Under 50% and 80% shade the saplings demonstrate phenotypic plasticity, such as larger and thinner leaves. Chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and quantum yield of photosystem II were higher under higher shade level, but the CO 2 assimilation rate was not different between light conditions. These changes are typically found in shade-tolerant plants and is related to perform photosynthesis more efficiently in highly variable light conditions. Despite that, we recommend that cultivation be carried out under full sun or up to 30% shade to maximize jaboticaba tree saplings growth in nurseries and orchards.
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