This paper presents the results obtained with a treatment system by constructed wetland, when applied to effluent from a swine slaughterhouse. The experimental module was filled with a soil layer, followed by crushed stone and sand as filtering material and the upper layer was planted macrophyte Juncus effusus. A level controller and a pump provided the effluent recirculation in experimental module. This experiment was conducted for a hydraulic retention time of 96 hours, in addition, samples were collected every 24 hours for subsequent physical-chemical analyzes. The results were promising, was obtained 98.4 % removal of COD -Chemical Oxygen Demand after 96 hours of treatment. Moreover, there was also a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the effluent, possibly due to nutrient consumption by the plants. Avaliação da Eficiência de Um Sistema de Tratamento por

O objetivo foi avaliar o banco de sementes de três diferentes áreas em processo de restauração após 12, 13 e 16 anos de implantação, localizadas no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram coletadas 20 amostras (20 x 20 cm) no interior de cada floresta restaurada em pontos distribuídos ao acaso, a uma profundidade de 0 a 5 cm, considerando-se a serapilheira. Após serem dispostas em bandejas plásticas, as amostras foram irrigadas e monitoradas diariamente por um período de aproximadamente três meses (90 dias). As espécies também foram avaliadas conforme sua síndrome de dispersão, adotando os critérios morfológicos dos frutos como anemocóricas, zoocóricas, e autocóricas, além de serem classificadas quanto à forma de vida e a origem. A diversidade do banco de sementes foi estimada através do índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) e a Equabilidade de Pielou (J’). Essas análises foram realizadas no programa Fitopac 2.0. Verificou-se, que a composição da comunidade herbácea variou com os locais, sendo a maior densidade de sementes viáveis para esta classe observadas em Ivinhema, onde o banco de sementes foi composto principalmente por ervas espontâneas oriundas de áreas antropizadas do entorno e grande densidade de plântulas da família Poaceae, contando com quatro espécies distintas. Já a área de Jateí apresentou uma alta densidade de plântulas de Cecropia pachystachya Trécul., além de quatro outras espécies arbóreas distintas. A área restaurada de Caarapó apresentou diferentes classes de vegetação e a presença de componentes importantes para sucessão tais como árvores e lianas. Nos três bancos de sementes avaliados houve a presença de espécies arbóreas representando um avanço no processo sucessional de cada área.

ABSTRACT.Although an important significant sector in world economy, the textile industry is known for its large volumes of wastewater generated in production processes. In the search for cleaner technologies, the application of electrochemical processes, such as electro-flocculation, or natural coagulants, such as Moringa oleifera Lam extract, have become recurrent in literature. Since the required operating conditions for alternative technologies are such that they hamper effective application, current paper presents results obtained with the use of a hybrid system of treatment which combines electroflocculation and the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera lam to evaluate the removal of reactive blue 5G dye from aqueous solutions. Milder conditions of electric current intensity (0.10 -1.50 A) and natural coagulant concentration (250-2000 mg L -1 ) were tested. Through a Central Composite Rotatable Design, it was possible to obtain a quadratic model which subsidized the optimization of operating conditions. Applying an electric current of 0.97 A to sacrificial electrodes of iron and a concentration of 2000 mg L -1 for the extract of Moringa oleifera Lam, an average 86.79% color removal was obtained, considered a satisfactory rate.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o banco de sementes considerando a serrapilheira como indicador de restauração florestal da nascente do Córrego Criminoso, situada no município de Coxim, Mato Grosso do Sul – MS, Brasil. A área de estudo possui vegetação predominante de cerrado stricto senso. Para a obtenção dos dados realizou-se uma coleta de 40 amostras no entorno de duas das nascentes do Córrego Criminoso e foi realizado o acompanhamento da germinação, após 90 dias foi feito a identificação das espécies. Utilizou-se a ferramenta Qgis 2.18.21 para elaboração dos mapas, no sistema de projeção UTM Datum Sirgas 2000. Observou-se uma predominância de espécies herbáceas, sendo necessárias aplicações de técnicas de manejo para melhor eficiência da recuperação da área, e a partir dos mapas observa-se que a predominância de espécies herbáceas esta provavelmente relacionada a grandes áreas de pastagens presentes no entorno da nascente e reduzida presença de remanescentes florestais.

Wastewaters from textile industries are known for their difficulty to treat, several alternative technologies are applied for their treatment. In this context, the study examined a hybrid treatment system, composed of electrocoagulation combined with a natural coagulant (extract of Moringa oleífera lam seeds) to remove reactive dye Blue 5G aqueous solutions. The work evaluated the use of milder operating conditions to improve the efficiency of treatment, with reduced demands for electrical power and coagulant.  The following factors were evaluated: electric current intensity, natural coagulant concentration and hydraulic retention time. A quadratic model was adjusted and validated at a 5% significance level. The overall optimization resulted in conditions of 0.28 A for electrical current intensity, 1000.00 mg L-1 of aqueous extract of Moringa oleífera lam and 5 min for hydraulic retention time. While operating under optimal conditions, the removal of 71.38% of color and 5.22 mg L-1 of iron residual concentration was achieved.

The use of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds has been the subject of studies to treat water and effluents due to its biocoagulant potential. However, one of the factors that prevent its use at an industrial level is its short shelf life after preparation. In view of this problem, the present study aimed to produce an MO biocoagulant for pre‐treatment via the lyophilization method, to prolong the shelf life of the extract. After optimizing the evaluated preparation conditions (2.38 g of MO for 100 ml of distilled water in 4 min of ultrasound extraction) in synthetic wastewater (using the commercial blue 5G dye), the biocoagulant was produced. Using different salt concentrations (NaCl and KCl) with the goal of improving the extraction, the produced biocoagulant was lyophilized, stored and assessed monthly in a comparative study with the inorganic aluminum sulfate coagulant apply to a textile laundry effluent. Although the biocoagulant produced is less efficient than conventional inorganic ones, the performance evaluation proved to be very satisfactory, obtaining 67.13% color removal and 91.98% turbidity for MO, which when compared to aluminum sulfate achieved removal rates of 81.45% and 92%, respectively. Thus, it is presented as a great alternative for pre‐textile wastewater treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of litter and litterfall as ecological indicators in three sites in restoration process located in Ivinhema, Jateí and Caarapó – Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, after 12, 13 and 16 years of implantation, respectively. The objective was also to obtain Pearson's simple linear correlation) between monthly litterfall with environmental variables of rainfall and air temperature. To litterfall sampling, 15 litter traps were used (0.80 m x 0.80 m) and, for litter sampling, six collections were carried out in each restoration site, in December 2016, using a frame (0.64 m2). The samples were separated into three components: leaves, twigs, reproductive material (flowers and fruits). The high litter amount, in the three sites evaluated (Ivinhema 9.4 Mg ha-1; Jatéi 5.5 Mg ha-1; and Caarapó 7.1 Mg ha-1), demonstrates the importance of litterfall and litter as an indicator for the stages initial succession in restored forests. There were weak correlations between litter and environmental variables, being negative for air temperature and positive for rainfall.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of litter and litterfall as ecological indicators in three sites in restoration process located in Ivinhema, Jateí and Caarapó – Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, after 12, 13 and 16 years of implantation, respectively. The objective was also to obtain Pearson's simple linear correlation) between monthly litterfall with environmental variables of rainfall and air temperature. To litterfall sampling, 15 litter traps were used (0.80 m x 0.80 m) and, for litter sampling, six collections were carried out in each restoration site, in December 2016, using a frame (0.64 m2). The samples were separated into three components: leaves, twigs, reproductive material (flowers and fruits). The high litter amount, in the three sites evaluated (Ivinhema 9.4 Mg ha-1; Jatéi 5.5 Mg ha-1; and Caarapó 7.1 Mg ha-1), demonstrates the importance of litterfall and litter as an indicator for the stages initial succession in restored forests. There were weak correlations between litter and environmental variables, being negative for air temperature and positive for rainfall.