These results suggest that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor TKI-258 has an inhibitory effect on cell motility, affecting F-actin, cell migration, and cell invasion, and probably, these processes are regulated by signaling pathways FGFRs and/or PDGFRs and/or VEGFRs.
COVID-19, also known as coronavirus disease 2019, is an infectious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus. Since its emergence, its epidemiology has been explored; however, for some regions of the world, COVID-19’s behavior, incidence, and impact remain unclear. In continental nations like Brazil, this lack of knowledge results in nonuniform control, prevention, and treatment measures, which can be controversial in some locations. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of patients with COVID-19 in the macroregion of Triângulo Sul in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Between March 25 and October 21, 2020, data were collected and statistically analyzed from 395 hospitalized patients in the city of Uberaba, MG, suspected to have moderate or severe forms of the disease. Of the 395 suspected cases, 82% were confirmed to be positive for COVID-19. The mean age of positive patients was 58.4 years, and 60.76% were male. Following these patients throughout their hospitalization, a mortality rate of 31.3% was observed. In the population positive for COVID-19, the risk of death increased by 4% for each year of the patient’s age. Likewise, the older the patient, the longer their hospitalization and the higher the risk of developing acute respiratory failure. Among the treatments tested in patients, heparin was associated with protection against mortality, and the absence of anticoagulant use was linked to a more than six times greater risk of death. Finally, comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 were positively correlated with increased hospitalization time. In summary, this study revealed that age, presence of comorbidities, length of hospitalization, and drug treatment considerably altered COVID-19’s lethality. To understand infection rates and the factors involved in COVID-19’s lethality, knowledge of the local epidemiology is necessary.
Several disorders which affect the oral cavity, salivary composition and, flow have been described in alcoholics chronic, thus this study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic alcoholism on the salivary glands of Wistar rats. It was used 18 animals randomly subdivided into two groups: control (C) and treated with ethanol (T). C group (n=9) received water ad libitum and T group (n=9) received alcoholic solution ad libitum: 5% ethanol (1st week), 10% ethanol (2nd week) and 20% ethanol (for 9 weeks). After the treatment period, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized by decapitation. The parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of both groups were dissected, fixed and processed for paraffin. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Picro-Sirius red stained, and the rate of cell proliferation was determined by immunohistochemistry with the marker KI-67. The salivary glands of group C showed preserved parenchyma, while the parotid and submandibular glands of group T showed hydropic degeneration, atypical nuclei, non-evident nucleolus and condensed chromatin in serous acini. The intercalated, striated and excretory ducts were seen with punctual areas of degeneration and nuclear atypia. In the submandibular glands there was a 73% increase in proliferative cells in T, when compared to C (p<0.05). However, in the parotid glands, there was no significant difference in the rate of cell proliferation. The results suggest that there is an increase in the rate of cell proliferation in submandibular glands of Wistar rats subjected to chronic alcohol consumption, and also show that chronic alcohol consumption promotes morphological changes in the salivary glands of these rats, causing a deleterious effect on cellular structures.
One way of trying to control oral squamous cell carcinoma is to invest in new therapies focused on the molecular biology of receptors and their intracellular signaling pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LY2109761 (an inhibitor of TGF-β receptors) on cell migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Actin cytoskeleton of SCC-4 cells control and LY2109761 (1, 5 and 10 μM) treated on three-dimensional Matrigel were analysed by using confocal laser microscopy. Control and LY2109761 (1, 5 and 10 μM) treated cells that migrated through the membrane of three-dimensional cell migration assays were counted, significance was p<0.05. Control cells were seen with voluminous cytoplasm, cell cortex preserved and actin cytoskeleton well developed with well distributed actin filaments. Regardless of concentration, cells treated showed: rounded morphology and small size, scanty cytoplasm, cortical F-actin less clear that the control cells, and disruption of actin filaments. The migratory cells were inhibited by treatment with LY2109761 [F (3, 11) = 3742, p<0.0001], in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that LY2109761 exerts an inhibitory effect on the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration on SCC-4 cells, therefore, it is a promising therapeutic option for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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