Publication informationJournal of Business Venturing, 28 (2) Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Examining the Formation of Human Capital in Entrepreneurship: A Meta-Analysis of Entrepreneurship Education Outcomes ABSTRACTEffective human capital formation through the medium of entrepreneurship education and training (EET) is of increasing concern for governments, as EET is growing rapidly across the world. Unfortunately, there is a lack of consistent evidence showing that EET helps to create more or better entrepreneurs. We undertake the first quantitative review of the literature and, in the context of human capital theory, find that there is indeed support for the value of EET. Based on 42 independent samples (N = 16,657), we find a significant relationship between EET and entrepreneurship-related human capital assets (r w = .217) and entrepreneurship outcomes (r w = .159). The relationship between EET and entrepreneurship outcomes is stronger for academicfocused EET interventions (r w = .238) than for training-focused EET interventions (r w = .151).!We find evidence of heterogeneity in many of our correlations, and recommend that future studies examine potential moderators to more clearly delineate EET effect sizes. We also find a number of methodological weaknesses among the studies analyzed and that those studies with lower methodological rigor are overstating the effect of EET. Recommendations to improve the quality of future work in the field are provided.

To extend understanding of the drivers that underlie entrepreneurial intention formation, we investigate the hitherto underexplored roles of people's learning orientation and passion for work. We consider how these personal characteristics may moderate the instrumentality of (1) people's perceived ability to become a successful entrepreneur and (2) their perceived attractiveness of becoming an entrepreneur. Using a survey of 946 university students, we find that learning orientation and passion for work invigorate the role of these feasibility and desirability considerations in enhancing entrepreneurial intention. A follow-up analysis also reveals that the moderating effects of learning orientation and passion for work on the perceived attractiveness-entrepreneurial intention relationship are stronger to the extent that people value the intrinsic goal of autonomy in their future career more greatly, but these moderating effects are immune for the importance of the extrinsic goal of earning financial rewards. Several implications for research and practice emerge.

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