Electromyographic monitoring of the RLN using a postcricoid surface electrode provides a safe, simple, and effective method for intraoperative monitoring during thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Further, evoked electromyography confirms RLN integrity at the conclusion of surgery.

The available evidence is insufficient to support the effectiveness of dental lasers as an adjunct to resective or regenerative surgical periodontal therapy. However, precautions must be exercised when interpreting the results of this study because of the small sample size and high heterogeneity among studies.

This paper describes procedures for developing and testing models that predict the probability of individual tree mortality. The modeling procedures include data screening, parameter estimation, and model verification techniques that have been designed to deal with dichotomous dependent variables. To demonstrate the procedures, mortality models for 10 north Idaho species are developed and verified.

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