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Milk powder is one of the most widely traded dairy products globally-with a large amount being used to manufacture commercially sterilized products. Milk powder invariably contains endospores of thermophilic bacteria-the dominant strains grow and produce spores in manufacturing steps operating in their temperature growth range. Although they produce proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes in vitro, and the spores have the potential to survive sterilizations, their presence in ingredient powders does not mean that spoilage of sterilized products is inevitable-treatment severity, low spore numbers in ingredient powders, variability in spore resistance, and in-market temperatures usually ensure commercial sterility.

Two lactational intramammary antibiotic preparations (cloxacillin and oxytetracycline) were each used to treat eight goats by intramammary infusion in one half. The rate of release of the antibiotics was monitored by a diffusion assay based on the sensitive organism Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis. Cloxacillin was still detectable 156 hours after the final treatment while oxytetracycline was undetectable 108 hours following treatment. A small but significant amount of antibiotic was translocated between treated and untreated halves of the udder in both cases.

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