A formulation and solution of the multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom equations of motion for pounding between two multistorey buildings are presented. Pounding occurs at rigid horizontal diaphragms in each building. The theory is implemented into a microcomputer program and sample earthquake analyses involving pounding between 15‐storey and 8‐storey buildings are performed. The influence of building separation, relative mass, and contact location properties are assessed. Conclusions are drawn regarding response behaviour trends that are relevant to other actual pounding situations.
A method to estimate the likely minimum building separation necessary to preclude seismic pounding is presented. The method is based on random vibration theory. The accuracy is demonstrated by numerical experiments using 9 artificial and 6 actual earthquake records. The relation between the minimum separation, period, height, damping and earthquake type are discussed. Example applications of the theory are presented. The effects of inelastic hysteretic building behavior are also discussed.
ASCE 41 is the industry standard for seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. It allows for alternative component modeling and acceptance criteria based on a backbone curve constructed from envelopes of component hysteresis loops derived via experimental cyclic tests. ASCE 41-13 requires use of loading protocols having fully reversed cyclic loadings with increasing displacement levels. However, recent research summarized herein indicates the need for inclusion of different protocols that pay specific attention to behavior incipient to collapse. This view is supported by example building computer earthquake response simulations described herein. A generalized loading pattern derived from the simulations found relatively few drift excursions having one-direction bias, suggesting one-sided cyclic and/or monotonic tests may be better for describing building inelastic seismic demands.
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