Objective Examine the efficacy of a personalized, modular cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol among early adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and co-occurring anxiety relative to treatment as usual (TAU). Method Thirty-one children (11–16 years) with ASD and clinically significant anxiety were randomly assigned to receive 16 weekly CBT sessions or an equivalent duration of TAU. Participants were assessed by blinded raters at screening, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up. Results Youth randomized to CBT demonstrated superior improvement across primary outcomes relative to those receiving TAU. Eleven of 16 adolescents randomized to CBT were treatment responders, versus 4/15 in the TAU condition. Gains were maintained at 1-month follow-up for CBT responders. Conclusions These data extend findings of the promising effects of CBT in anxious youth with ASD to early adolescents. Clinicaltrials.gov trial reference number NCT01563003. Internet links: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01563003

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Color vision is known to change with age. We conducted the Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-Hue and the Lanthony Desaturated Panel D-15 (DD-15) tests in 115 normal North American subjects aged 5-81 years to obtain age-specific norms for these procedures. For each test, color discrimination was best between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Both increasing age and the occurrence of lens changes were significantly associated with increasing 100-Hue error scores. Age-specific norms for the 100-Hue test were comparable with those obtained by Verriest in a European population, but such norms for the DD-15 test are problematic. Our data indicate somewhat greater variability in the DD-15 than in the 100-Hue test.

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