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Objective This study possessed two aims: (1) to develop and validate aclinician -friendly measure of academic problem behavior that is relevant to the assessment of adolescents with ADHD and (2) to better understand the cross-situational expression of academic problem behaviors displayed by these youth. Method Within a sample of 324 adolescents with DSM-IV-TR diagnosed ADHD (age M=13.07, SD=1.47), parent, teacher, and adolescent self-report versions of the Adolescent Academic Problems Checklist (AAPC) were administered and compared. Item prevalence rates, factorial validity, inter-rater agreement, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were evaluated. Results Findings indicated the value of the parent and teacher AAPC as a psychometrically valid measure of academic problems in adolescents with ADHD. Parents and teachers offered unique perspectives on the academic functioning of adolescents with ADHD, indicating the complementary roles of these informants in the assessment process. According to parent and teacher reports, adolescents with ADHD displayed problematic academic behaviors in multiple daily tasks, with time management and planning deficits appearing most pervasive. Conclusions Adolescents with ADHD display heterogeneous academic problems that warrant detailed assessment prior to treatment. As a result, the AAPC may be a useful tool for clinicians and school staff conducting targeted assessments with these youth.

Objective Evidence indicates that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience acute and prolonged academic impairment and underachievement including marked difficulty with completing homework. This study is the first to examine the effects of behavioral, psychostimulant, and combined treatments on homework problems, which have been shown to predict academic performance longitudinally. Method Children with ADHD (ages 5-12, N = 75, 71% male, 83% Hispanic/Latino) and their families were randomly assigned to either behavioral treatment (homework-focused parent training and a daily report card; BPT+DRC) or a waitlist control group. Children also participated in a concurrent psychostimulant crossover trial conducted in a summer treatment program. Children's objective homework completion and accuracy were measured as well as parent-reported child homework behaviors and parenting skills. Results BPT+DRC had large effects on objective measures of homework completion and accuracy (Cohen's ds from 1.40, to 2.21, ps < .001). Other findings, including unimodal medication and incremental combined treatment benefits, were not significant. Conclusions Behavioral treatment focused on homework problems results in clear benefits for children's homework completion and accuracy (the difference between passing failing, on average) whereas long-acting stimulant medication resulted in limited and largely non-significant acute effects on homework performance.

Organization, Time Management, and Planning (OTP) problems are a key mechanism of academic failure for adolescents with ADHD. Parents may be well positioned to promote remediation of these deficits; yet, almost nothing is known about OTP management behaviors among parents of middle and high school students with ADHD. In a sample of 299 well-diagnosed adolescents with ADHD, a measure of parental OTP management was psychometrically validated. Latent Class Analysis was conducted to detect distinct patterns of parental OTP management and yielded four unique classes: Parental Control (18.7 %), Parent-Teen Collaboration (20.4 %), Homework Assistance (20.4 %), and Uninvolved (40.5 %). Logistic Regression analyses indicated that maladaptive parental OTP strategies were related to higher levels of parent and adolescent psychopathology. Parental OTP management did not relate to current adolescent OTP skills or GPA, indicating that parents did not select OTP management strategies in immediate response to adolescent functioning. Implications for parent-directed intervention are discussed.

Objective.-Adults with childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience impairment in core functional domains (e.g., educational attainment, occupational status, social relationships, substance abuse, and criminal behavior), but it is currently unclear which impairments co-occur and whether subgroups experience differentiable patterns, none, or all aforementioned functional domains. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to characterize patterns of impairment. Method.-Data from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study were used. Participants were 317 25 year-olds with childhood ADHD. LPA characterized the variability across substance use (alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, marijuana use), criminal behavior, peer impairment, educational attainment, maternal relationship, financial dependence, and sexual activity among young adults with childhood ADHD. Childhood predictors of profiles were examined, and ADHD profiles were compared to a matched comparison group without ADHD also followed longitudinally (n = 217). Results.-Five profiles were found: prototypic impairment group (54%), high binge drinking group (17%), high marijuana use group (10%), high criminal activity group (3%), and high crossdomain impairment group (17%). All profiles were impaired compared to non-ADHD young adults. Childhood variables rarely significantly predicted profiles. Conclusions.-Young adults with childhood ADHD have differentiable impairment patterns that vary based on substance use, criminal behavior, and number of clinically impaired domains. Nearly all young adult ADHD profiles were impaired in peer, educational, and financial domains, and there was not a non-impaired ADHD profile. Use of specific substances was elevated among subgroups of, but not all, young adults with ADHD histories. Finally, the high cross-domain impairment profile was impaired in all domains.